女家庭教師

女家庭教师（Governess）是西方一类受个人雇佣以教育儿童的职业，她们不会像保姆一样为受教者的生活琐事操劳，而是为学龄儿童提供专门的教育^[1]，即所谓的3R（阅读、写作和算术，英语作reading、writing、arithmetic）^[2]。雇佣女家庭教师曾流行于西方上流社会中，这些家长不太倾向于将年幼的孩子送到寄宿学校读书。但在孩子的年龄足够大时，他们仍会被送往学校，或者换男性的导师来辅导。

在现代社会，这一职业已经式微，但在一些皇室或极其富有的家庭中仍存在^[3]^[4]^[5]。

參見

保太后：北魏的褓姆太后。
教養嬤嬤：清朝時負責教育皇子女的婦女。
訓育尚宮：朝鮮王朝時負責教導王子、王女的尚宮
女房（日语：女房）
傅母
閨塾師

参考文献

^ A Governess's Duties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Outback House (Australian Broadcasting Corporation).
^ McDonald, James Joseph, and J. A. C. Chandler. Life in Old Virginia; A Description of Virginia More Particularly the Tidewater Section, Narrating Many Incidents Relating to the Manners and Customs of Old Virginia so Fast Disappearing As a Result of the War between the States, Together with Many Humorous Stories. Norfold, Va: Old Virginia Pub. Co. 1907: 241.
^ Ellis, Phyllis. Desert Governess: An Inside View on the Saudi Arabian Royal Family. London: Eye Books. 2000. ISBN 1-903070-01-5.
^ Harris, Julia: A career as a Governess? What skills do you need?, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 15 October 2004.
^ Telegraph.co.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Telegraph, 15 March 2009.

扩展阅读

Brandon, Ruth: Other People's Daughters: The Lives And Times Of The Governess. 2008
Broughton, Trev and Ruth Symes: The Governess: An Anthology. Stroud: Sutton, 1997. ISBN 0-7509-1503-X
Budde, Gunilla: Als Erzieherinnen in Europa unterwegs: Gouvernanten, governesses und gouvernantes, EGO – European History Online（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Mainz: Institute of European History（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 2011, retrieved: 21 February 2013.
Hughes, Kathryn: The Victorian Governess, London: Hambledon, 1993. ISBN 1-85285-002-7
Peterson, M. Jeanne: "The Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society", in Suffer and Be Still: Women In the Victorian Age, ed. Martha Vicinus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.

外部連接

The Victorian Governess, a bibliography, at Victorian Web（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
VAM.ac.uk（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Richard Redgrave's 'The Governess' discussed at the V&A Museum.

[1] A Governess's Duties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Outback House (Australian Broadcasting Corporation).

[2] McDonald, James Joseph, and J. A. C. Chandler. Life in Old Virginia; A Description of Virginia More Particularly the Tidewater Section, Narrating Many Incidents Relating to the Manners and Customs of Old Virginia so Fast Disappearing As a Result of the War between the States, Together with Many Humorous Stories. Norfold, Va: Old Virginia Pub. Co. 1907: 241.

[3] Ellis, Phyllis. Desert Governess: An Inside View on the Saudi Arabian Royal Family. London: Eye Books. 2000. ISBN 1-903070-01-5.

[4] Harris, Julia: A career as a Governess? What skills do you need?, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 15 October 2004.

[5] Telegraph.co.uk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Telegraph, 15 March 2009.

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