專著

專著（monograph，又译专题著作^[1]）指專家之文字作品（與參考書相對）^[2]，或對單一學科或某領域的某專門課題，進行較為集中論述的專門著作。專著一般由單一作者（或藝術家）完成，並且通常是用於探討學術內容，对特定问题进行详细、系统考察或研究，属于专业主题内容的图书。

在圖書館分類中，「專著」一詞用於與定期刊物（如雜誌、學術期刊及報紙）相對，故有更加廣泛的含義。並非以序列方式出版的單卷書或有限卷的書都可稱為專著^[3]；在此語境下，小說也可稱為專著。

与专著近似的词汇是“论著（英语：Treatise）”（treatise），指带有研究性或议论性的著作。

學術專著

英語單詞 monograph 來源於拉丁語 monographia，而後者又源於希臘語^[4]。英文中，"mono-" 指「單一」，而 "-graph" 指「著作」^[5]。學術專著的主要目的是向有需要的讀者可靠地展示研究內容，這使之與課本不同，後者的主要目的是論述某個領域的知識狀況。因此，在許多學術領域，出版專著通常被認為對職業發展至關重要。專供其他研究人員使用，並且主要是由圖書館購買的，故其通常以短冊形式單獨出版^[6]。

在英國和美國，出版者通常都假定，學術專著的讀者不僅具有專門知識或豐富經驗，而且還要對此著作的主體有專業上的興趣。但具體用於區分學術專著及貿易著作（英语：Trade magazine）的標準，則依出版社而異^[7]。

生物學

在生物分類學中，專著指對某個分类阶元進行全面描述的著作。專著通常回顧一組已知物種，並且在其中加入新發現的相關物種，並收集和綜合有關該組物種的生態聯繫、地理分佈和形態變異的可用信息。

生物分類學中的第一部專著為羅伯特·莫里森（英语：Robert Morison）在1627年寫成的 Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio Nova^{[註 1]}，莫里森在其中討論了伞形科植物^[8]。

藝術家專著

以「藝術家專著」^{[註 2]}為名出版的書籍是對單一藝術家的研究，而非對藝術學科廣泛的綜述。

參見

匯編（英语：Compendium）^{[註 3]}
學問論文集（英语：Compilation thesis）
Documentation（英语：Documentation），或譯「說明書」。Documentation 與使用手冊的差異在於，對產品的描述不侷限於指示，而包含來自不同方面的資料。
Treatise（英语：Treatise）
Essay (學術)（英语：Essay）

註釋

^ 原文為拉丁文，大意為「傘形科植物的新分佈」
^ 原文："artist monograph"
^ 翻譯之來源^[9]

參考資料

^ 张柏然, 等. monograph. 新时代英汉大词典. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2004.
^ Campbell, Robert; Pentz, Ed; Borthwick, Ian. Academic and Professional Publishing. 2012 [2021-02-06]. ISBN 978-1-78063-309-1. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）. '[M]onograph' has become a generic term for a book that is not of a reference type, is of primary material and which may be multi-authored, single-authored, or an edited collection.
^ Harrod, Leonard Montague. Prytherch, Raymond John , 编. Harrod's librarians' glossary and reference book: a directory of over 10,200 terms, organizations, projects and acronyms in the areas of information management, library science, publishing and archive management 10th. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 2005: 462 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-03） –通过Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. For the purpose of library cataloging, any nonserial publication, complete in one volume or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts issued at regular or irregular intervals, containing a single work or collection of works. Monographs are sometimes published in monographic series and subseries. Compare with book.
^ The explanation of 'monograph' and 'monogram' in Oxford Advanced Leaners' Dictionary (8th Ed.)
^ The explanation of "monograph" in Online Etymology Dictionary. [5 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-14）.
^ Williams, Peter; Stevenson, Iain; Nicholas, David; Watkinson, Anthony; Rowlands, Ian. The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research. ASLIB Proceedings. 2009, 61: 67–82. doi:10.1108/00012530910932294.
^ Thompson, John B. Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States . Cambridge: Polity Press. 2005: 84–85. ISBN 978-0745634784 –通过Internet Archive.
^ Vines, Sydney Howard. Robert Morison (1620–1683) and John Ray (1627–1705). Oliver, Francis Wall (编). Makers of British Botany. Cambridge University Press. 1913: 22 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-01） –通过Wikisource.
^ 劍橋雙語詞典對 "compendium" 的解釋. [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.

[8] 原文為拉丁文，大意為「傘形科植物的新分佈」

[10] 原文："artist monograph"

[12] 翻譯之來源^[9]

[1] 张柏然, 等. monograph. 新时代英汉大词典. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2004.

[2] Campbell, Robert; Pentz, Ed; Borthwick, Ian. Academic and Professional Publishing. 2012 [2021-02-06]. ISBN 978-1-78063-309-1. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）. '[M]onograph' has become a generic term for a book that is not of a reference type, is of primary material and which may be multi-authored, single-authored, or an edited collection.

[3] Harrod, Leonard Montague. Prytherch, Raymond John , 编. Harrod's librarians' glossary and reference book: a directory of over 10,200 terms, organizations, projects and acronyms in the areas of information management, library science, publishing and archive management 10th. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 2005: 462 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-03） –通过Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. For the purpose of library cataloging, any nonserial publication, complete in one volume or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts issued at regular or irregular intervals, containing a single work or collection of works. Monographs are sometimes published in monographic series and subseries. Compare with book.

[4] The explanation of 'monograph' and 'monogram' in Oxford Advanced Leaners' Dictionary (8th Ed.)

[5] The explanation of "monograph" in Online Etymology Dictionary. [5 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-14）.

[6] Williams, Peter; Stevenson, Iain; Nicholas, David; Watkinson, Anthony; Rowlands, Ian. The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research. ASLIB Proceedings. 2009, 61: 67–82. doi:10.1108/00012530910932294.

[7] Thompson, John B. Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States . Cambridge: Polity Press. 2005: 84–85. ISBN 978-0745634784 –通过Internet Archive.

[Vines_1913-9] Vines, Sydney Howard. Robert Morison (1620–1683) and John Ray (1627–1705). Oliver, Francis Wall (编). Makers of British Botany. Cambridge University Press. 1913: 22 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-01） –通过Wikisource.

[11] 劍橋雙語詞典對 "compendium" 的解釋. [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.

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