巨爵座
巨爵座是南天小星座,拉丁语原名“Crater”源自希腊语“krater”,指用来倒葡萄酒的杯子。巨爵座隶属二世纪天文学家克劳狄乌斯·托勒密排列的48星座,代表的杯子与天神阿波罗有关,放在长蛇座代表的水蛇后背。
星座 | |
縮寫 | Crt |
---|---|
所有格 | Crateris |
象徵物 | the 杯子 |
赤經 | 11h |
赤緯 | −16° |
面積 | 282平方度 (第53) |
主要恆星 | 4 |
拜耳/佛氏 恆星 | 12 |
有行星的恆星 | 7 |
亮度3m以上的恆星 | 0 |
距離在10秒差距(32.62光年)內的恆星 | 0 |
最亮星 | 翼宿七 (3.57m) |
最近的恆星 | LHS 2358 (34.86 ly, 10.69 pc) |
梅西爾天體 | 0 |
流星雨 | 翼宿六流星雨 |
鄰接星座 | 狮子座 六分仪座 长蛇座 乌鸦座 室女座 |
可以看見的緯度範圍: +65°至−90°之間 最適合觀賞的月份:四月 |
巨爵座没有恒星亮度高于三等星,最亮的翼宿七和翼宿一分别是3.56与4.07视星等,都是老化橙巨星,温度低于太阳但体积更大。巨爵座β是白巨星和白矮星组成的联星系。七个恒星系内发现系外行星。巨爵座还有巨爵座2矮星系与NGC 3981等少量知名星系,以及著名类星体RX J1131。
神话
据公元前至少1100年的巴比伦星表记载,今巨爵座范围恒星可能同乌鸦座恒星一起组成巴比伦人的乌鸦座。英国科学家约翰·罗杰斯(John H. Rogers)认为,巨爵座附近的长蛇座在古巴伦规范星表《纲要》代表冥界之神宁吉兹济达(𒀭𒊩𒌆𒄑𒍣𒁕)。他推断长蛇座旁边的巨爵座与乌鸦座都是死亡的象征,代表冥界之门。[1]密特拉教的符号和标志里也有巨爵座与乌鸦座,估计该教源于中东,后传入古希腊和罗马[2]。
据希腊神话所述,阿波罗派手下乌鸦去取水,但乌鸦在路上发现无花果后等待果实成熟再吃掉,因此延误行程。乌鸦用杯取水后顺便带回水蛇,谎称是水蛇喝掉水导致延误。[3]阿波罗看出乌鸦的欺骗,愤怒之下把杯子、蛇和乌鸦都朝天上一扔[4]。三者都变成天上星座,所在位置正好确保乌鸦没法儿从杯里喝水,以此警告不要得罪神明[3]。
菲拉尔克斯对巨爵座起源提出不同说法,据称特洛伊附近城池伊莱莎(Eleusa)瘟疫肆虐,统治者德米芬(Demiphon)得到谕示每年需献祭少女一名。德米芬宣布抽签决定献祭人选,但没有把自家女儿的名字列入。贵族马修斯修斯拒绝接受,结果女儿被德米芬献祭。马修斯修斯事后杀害德米芬的女儿,把血混入葡萄酒装在杯里让德米芬饮用。东窗事发后德米芬下令把马修斯修斯和杯子扔进大海,巨爵座便代表杯子。[3]
巨爵座恒星在中国古代天文学属南方朱雀[5],与长蛇座部分恒星组成朱雀的翅膀翼宿,代表第27个月宫。翼宿还代表英勇的弓箭手,弓由长蛇座恒星组成。[6]社會群島居民把巨爵座称为“Moana-'ohu-noa-'ei-ha'a-moe-hara”,意为“洗去罪孽的海洋漩涡”[7]。
简介
巨爵座覆盖282.4平方度夜空,占0.685%,在88个现代星座排第53[8],北挨狮子座与室女座、东临乌鸦座、南面和西侧是长蛇座,西北靠六分仪座。1922年,國際天文聯會确定以三字母缩写“Crt”代指巨爵座。[9]比利时天文学家尤金·德爾波特1930年正式划分星座边界,巨爵座呈六条边组成的多边形(见文首信息框)。星座在赤道坐標系統的赤经位于10h 51m 14s到11h 56m 24s范围,赤纬在−6.66°至−25.20°之间。[10]星座位于南天球,只能在北緯65度線以南观察[8][注 1]。
显著特点
恒星
德国天体制图师約翰·拜耳用希腊字母Α到Λ为星座大部分明亮恒星命名。约翰·波德为部分恒星编号,但后世留用的只有巨爵座ψ。約翰·佛蘭斯蒂德用佛蘭斯蒂德命名法为31颗巨爵座及附近的长蛇座恒星编号组成巨爵长蛇座,大部分恒星属长蛇座范围。[11]巨爵座最亮的翼宿七、翼宿一和翼宿二组成三角形,位于长蛇座亮星翼宿五附近[12]。巨爵座共有33颗恒星亮度不低于6.5视星等[注 2][8]。
3.56视星等的翼宿七是巨爵座最亮恒星,离地163±4光年[14],是光谱等级K0III的橙巨星,有1.0至1.4倍太阳质量。该星年代久远,已经冷却并膨胀到22.44±0.28倍太阳半径,但辐射量达171.4±9.0倍太陽光度,外层有效溫度4408±57开尔文[15]。翼宿一又称“阿尔克斯”(Alkes),意指“杯子”[16][注 3],代表巨爵座杯底[3],是4.07视星等的橙色星体[17],距地球141±2光年[18]。估计该星质量为太阳1.75±0.24倍,已经耗尽核心的氢并膨胀到13.2±0.55太阳直径[19],光度69倍,有效温度约4600开尔文[20]。
4.5视星等的巨爵座β是联星系,由光谱等级分别是A1III和DA1.4的白巨星与白矮星组成[21],距太阳296±8光年[22]。联星系中的白矮星远比主恒星小,即便用哈勃空间望远镜也无法分开观测[23]。翼宿二是雙星,可用小型业余望远镜分辨[24]。其中主星是光谱等级A7V的白主序星,估计有1.81倍太阳质量[25],从星只有9.6视星等和75%太阳质量[25],很可能是橙矮星,两星相互围绕旋转的轨道周期至少有1150年[26]。双星距太阳85.6±0.8光年[27]。
翼宿十与翼宿三代表杯子边缘[3],其中翼宿十是巨爵座肉眼可见的最大恒星[28],已演化成光谱等级K5 III的K型巨星[29],质量和太阳差不多但已膨胀到44.7倍太阳半径[30],光度更达391倍[31],与太阳相距366±8光年[32]。翼宿三也是联星系,距太阳326±9光年[33]。4.95视星等的主星已演化到巨星阶段,光谱等级G8 III[34],是利用核心氦聚变产生能量的紅群聚星[35],已膨胀到13倍太阳半径[36],光度157倍[31]。从星亮度7.84视星等[37]。科学家确认翼宿三属天狼星超星系团[38],或许还属大熊座移動星群,该星群包含的恒星可能源自同一疏散星团,太空走向类似[39]。
变星是业余天文学家的热门观测目标,他们的观察对人类理解恒星行为贡献很大[40]。翼宿一附近的红色星体巨爵座R是SRB类半規則變星[12],光谱等级M7,亮度以160天周期在9.8到11.2视星等范围变化[41],距太阳770±40光年[42]。巨爵座TT是激變變星,由接近太阳质量的白矮星和光谱等级K5V的橙矮星组成联星系,两星距离很近,以6小时26分的轨道周期围绕彼此旋转。白矮星从伴星吸收物质,由此形成的吸积盘按周期增亮并爆发。变星沉寂时只有15.9视星等,爆发时增至12.7视星等。[43]巨爵座SZ是8.5视星等的天龍座BY型变星,距太阳42.9±1.0光年[44],还是大熊座移動星群成员[39]。
HD 98800又称巨爵座TV,是约有七百到一千万年历史的恒星系,由分成两组距离很近的四颗恒星组成。其中一组有尘埃和气体组成的岩屑盤环绕两星运转,岩屑盘距两星约三到五天文單位,人类曾以为是原行星盤。[46]。DENIS-P J1058.7−1548是质量不足太阳5.5%的棕矮星,1700至2000开尔文的表面温度已经低到足以形成云层。该星的亮度变化可用肉眼识别,红外光谱显示星体表面覆有大气云层。[47]
HD 96167是1.31±0.09倍太阳质量的恒星,距太阳279±1光年[48]。星体核心的氢很可能已经耗尽并开始膨胀和冷却,目前是1.86±0.07倍太阳直径的黄次巨星,光度是太阳3.4±0.2倍。分析星体径向速度后科学家推断该星有质量下限为木星68%的行星,公转周期498.9±1.0天。行星軌道離心率很高,轨道间隔在0.38至2.22天文单位范围变化。[49]。HD 98649是光谱等级G4V的黄主序星,质量和直径与太阳基本相同但光度只有八成六。2012年科学家用径向速度法发现该星伴有至少六倍木星质量的行星,而且行星公转周期很长,达4951+607
−465天。计算结果表明该行星轨道离心率很高,最远时离恒星有10.6天文单位,有望未来直接成像。[50]BD−10°3166是富含金属的橙主序星,光谱等级K3.0V,距太阳268±10光年[51]。该星拥有質量下限为木星48%的熱木星类行星,轨道周期仅3.49天[52]。WASP-34是光谱等级G5V的類太陽恆星,质量为太阳1.01±0.07倍,直径0.93±0.12倍,距太阳432±3光年[53]。该星拥有0.59±0.01倍木星质量的行星,轨道周期只有4.317天[54]。
深空天体
巨爵座2矮星系是银河系的衛星星系[55],距太阳约38万光年[56]。NGC 3511是靠近星座边缘的螺旋星系,位于巨爵座β以西两度,亮度只有11视星等。NGC 3513是与NGC 3511相隔11弧分的棒旋星系。[57]NGC 3981也是螺旋星系,有两条很宽但相互干扰的螺旋臂[58],NGC 3981是NGC 4038星系群成员,与NGC 3672、NGC 3887等45个星系组成室女超星系团的巨爵座星云[59]。
RX J1131是距太阳约60亿光年的类星体,人类首次直接测量的旋转黑洞就在类星体中间[60]。GRB 011211是人类2001年12月11日发现的伽玛射线暴,共持续270秒,刷新X射线天文学BeppoSAX卫星所测伽玛射线暴时长纪录[61]。2003年3月23日发现的GRB 030323持续26秒[62]。
流星雨
翼宿六流星雨较为黯淡,在1月11至22日出现,16至17日达到顶峰[63]。
注释
参考资料
- ^ Rogers, John H. Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions. Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 1998, 108: 9–28. Bibcode:1998JBAA..108....9R.
- ^ Rogers, John H. Origins of the ancient constellations: II. The Mediterranean traditions. Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 1998, 108: 79–89. Bibcode:1998JBAA..108...79R.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Condos, Theony. Star Myths of the Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Phanes Press. 1997: 119–123 [2021-04-14]. ISBN 978-1609256784. (原始内容存档于2021-05-05).
- ^ Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil. Stars and Planets Guide. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2001: 130. ISBN 978-0-691-17788-5.
- ^ AEEA 天文教育資訊網. 臺中: 國立自然科學博物館. 2006 [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-25).
- ^ Ridpath, Ian. Ian Ridpath's Star Tales. Star Tales. self-published. [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-18).
- ^ Henry, Teuira. Tahitian astronomy. Journal of the Polynesian Society. 1907, 16 (2): 101–104 [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-19).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Ian Ridpath. Constellations: Andromeda–Indus. Star Tales. self-published. [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-04).
- ^ Russell, Henry Norris. The New International Symbols for the constellations. Popular Astronomy. 1922, 30: 469. Bibcode:1922PA.....30..469R.
- ^ Crater, Constellation Boundary. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-13).
- ^ Wagman, Morton. Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. 2003: 121–123, 390–392, 506–507. Bibcode:2003lslm.book.....W. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Arnold, H.J.P; Doherty, Paul; Moore, Patrick. The Photographic Atlas of the Stars. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 1999: 140 [2021-04-14]. ISBN 978-0-7503-0654-6. (原始内容存档于2021-05-05).
- ^ Bortle, John E. The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale. Sky & Telescope. Sky Publishing Corporation. 2001-02 [2019-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-08).
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Berio, P.; Merle, T.; Thévenin, F.; Bonneau, D.; Mourard, D.; Chesneau, O.; Delaa, O.; Ligi, R.; Nardetto, N. Chromosphere of K giant stars. Geometrical extent and spatial structure detection. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2011, 535: A59. Bibcode:2011A&A...535A..59B. arXiv:1109.5476 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117479.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim. A Dictionary of Modern Star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Publishing. 2006: 31. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
- ^ Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of stellar photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2002, 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Reffert, Sabine; Bergmann, Christoph; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Trifonov, Trifon; Künstler, Andreas. Precise radial velocities of giant stars. VII. Occurrence rate of giant extrasolar planets as a function of mass and metallicity. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2015, 574: 13. Bibcode:2015A&A...574A.116R. arXiv:1412.4634 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322360. hdl:10722/215277. A116.
- ^ Luck, R. Earle. Abundances in the Local Region. I. G and K Giants. The Astronomical Journal. 2015, 150 (3): 23. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...88L. arXiv:1507.01466 . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/88. 88.
- ^ Holberg, J. B.; Oswalt, T. D.; Sion, E. M.; Barstow, M. A.; Burleigh, M. R. Where are all the Sirius-like binary systems?. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013, 435 (3): 2077. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.435.2077H. arXiv:1307.8047 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1433.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Barstow, M. A.; Bond, Howard E.; Burleigh, M. R.; Holberg, J. B. Resolving Sirius-like binaries with the Hubble Space Telescope. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2001, 322 (4): 891–900. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.322..891B. arXiv:astro-ph/0010645 . doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04203.x.
- ^ Monks, Neale. Go-To Telescopes Under Suburban Skies. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series. New York, New York: Springer Science & Business Media. 2010: 113 [2021-04-14]. ISBN 978-1-4419-6851-7. (原始内容存档于2021-05-02).
- ^ 25.0 25.1 De Rosa, R. J.; Patience, J.; Wilson, P. A.; Schneider, A.; Wiktorowicz, S. J.; Vigan, A.; Marois, C.; Song, I.; MacIntosh, B.; Graham, J. R.; Doyon, R.; Bessell, M. S.; Thomas, S.; Lai, O. The VAST Survey – III. The multiplicity of A-type stars within 75 pc. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013, 437 (2): 1216. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437.1216D. arXiv:1311.7141 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1932.
- ^ Kaler, James B. (Jim). Gamma Crateris. Stars. University of Illinois. 2011-04-15 [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-05).
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Bagnall, Philip M. The Star Atlas Companion: What You Need to Know about the Constellations. New York, New York: Springer. 2012: 181 [2021-04-14]. ISBN 978-1-4614-0830-7. (原始内容存档于2021-05-02).
- ^ Houk, N.; Swift, C. Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars. Michigan Spectral Survey. 1999, 5. Bibcode:1999MSS...C05....0H.
- ^ Setiawan, J.; Pasquini, L.; da Silva, L.; Hatzes, A. P.; von der Lühe, O.; Girardi, L.; de Medeiros, J. R.; Guenther, E. Precise radial velocity measurements of G and K giants. Multiple systems and variability trend along the Red Giant Branch. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2004, 421: 241–254. Bibcode:2004A&A...421..241S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041042-1.
- ^ 31.0 31.1 McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Boyer, M. L. Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Hipparcos Stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2012, 427 (1): 343–357. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427..343M. arXiv:1208.2037 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x. 线上数据 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)(需提供依巴谷卫星编码)
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Houk, Nancy; Smith-Moore, M. Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars 4. Ann Arbor: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan. 1978. Bibcode:1988mcts.book.....H.
- ^ Alves, David R. K-Band calibration of the red clump luminosity. The Astrophysical Journal. 2000, 539 (2): 732–741. Bibcode:2000ApJ...539..732A. arXiv:astro-ph/0003329 . doi:10.1086/309278.
- ^ Pasinetti-Fracassini, L.E.; Pastori, L.; Covino, S.; Pozzi, A. Catalogue of Stellar Diameters (CADARS). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2001-02, 367 (2): 521–524. Bibcode:2001A&A...367..521P. arXiv:astro-ph/0012289 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000451.
- ^ Mason, B. D.; Wycoff, G. L.; Hartkopf, W. I.; Douglass, G. G.; Worley, C. E. The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog. The Astronomical Journal. 2014, 122 (6): 3466–3671 [2021-04-14]. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920. (原始内容存档于2021-03-04).
- ^ Eggen, Olin J. The Sirius Supercluster and missing mass near the Sun. The Astronomical Journal. 1998, 116 (2): 782–788. Bibcode:1998AJ....116..782E. doi:10.1086/300465.
- ^ 39.0 39.1 King, Jeremy R.; Villarreal, Adam R.; Soderblom, David R.; Gulliver, Austin F.; Adelman, Saul J. Stellar Kinematic Groups. II. A Reexamination of the Membership, Activity, and Age of the Ursa Major Group (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 2003, 125 (4): 1980–2017 [2021-04-14]. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1980K. doi:10.1086/368241. (原始内容存档于2020-11-05).
- ^ Tooke, Owen. Variables: What Are They and Why Observe Them?. AAVSO. [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-09).
- ^ Samus', N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N. General catalogue of variable stars: Version GCVS 5.1. Astronomy Reports. 2017-01-01, 61 (1): 80–88 [2021-04-14]. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. ISSN 1063-7729. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. (原始内容存档于2020-07-29).
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Sion, Edward M.; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Long, Knox S.; Szkody, Paula; Knigge, Christian; Hubeny, Ivan; deMartino, Domitilla; Godon, Patrick. Hubble Space Telescope STIS spectroscopy of long-period dwarf novae in quiescence. The Astrophysical Journal. 2008, 681 (1): 543–553. Bibcode:2008ApJ...681..543S. arXiv:0801.4703 . doi:10.1086/586699.
- ^ van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. arXiv:0708.1752 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
- ^ A Galactic Traffic Jam. [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-30).
- ^ Ribas, Álvaro; Macías, Enrique; Espaillat, Catherine C.; Duchêne, Gaspard. Long-lived protoplanetary disks in multiple systems: The VLA view of HD 98800. The Astrophysical Journal. 2018, 865 (1): 77. Bibcode:2018ApJ...865...77R. arXiv:1808.02493 . doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad81b.
- ^ Heinze, Aren N.; Metchev, Stanimir; Apai, Daniel; Flateau, Davin; Kurtev, Radostin; Marley, Mark; Radigan, Jacqueline; Burgasser, Adam J.; Artigau, Étienne; Plavchan, Peter. Weather on other worlds I: Detection of periodic variability in the L3 dwarf DENIS-P J1058.7-1548 with precise multi-wavelength photometry. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013, 767 (2): 173. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767..173H. arXiv:1303.2948 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/173.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Peek, John Asher; Johnson, Kathryn M. G.; Fischer, Debra A.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Henry, Gregory W.; Howard, Andrew W.; Wright, Jason T.; Lowe, Thomas B.; Reffert, Sabine. Old, rich, and eccentric: two jovian planets orbiting evolved metal-rich stars. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2009, 121 (880): 613–620. Bibcode:2009PASP..121..613P. JSTOR 599862. arXiv:0904.2786 . doi:10.1086/599862.
- ^ Marmier, M.; Ségransan, D.; Udry, S.; Mayor, M.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; Lovis, C.; Naef, D.; Santos, N. C.; Alonso, R.; Alves, S.; Berthet, S.; Chazelas, B.; Demory, B.-O.; Dumusque, X.; Eggenberger, A.; Figueira, P.; Gillon, M.; Hagelberg, J.; Lendl, M.; Mardling, R. A.; Mégevand, D.; Neveu, M.; Sahlmann, J.; Sosnowska, D.; Tewes, M.; Triaud, A. H. M. J. The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets XVII. New and updated long period and massive planets. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2013, 551. A90. Bibcode:2013A&A...551A..90M. arXiv:1211.6444 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219639.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Butler, R. Paul; Vogt, Steven S.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Fischer, Debra A.; Henry, Gregory W.; Apps, Kevin. Planetary companions to the metal-rich Stars BD −10°3166 and HD 52265. The Astrophysical Journal. 2000, 545 (1): 504–511. Bibcode:2000ApJ...545..504B. doi:10.1086/317796.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
- ^ Smalley, B.; Anderson, D. R.; Cameron, A. Collier; Hellier, C.; Lendl, M.; Maxted, P. F. L.; Queloz, D.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; West, R. G.; Bentley, S. J.; Enoch, B.; Gillon, M.; Lister, T. A.; Pepe, F.; Pollacco, D.; Segransan, D.; Smith, A. M. S.; Southworth, J.; Udry, S.; Wheatley, P. J.; Wood, P. L.; Bento, J. WASP-34b: a near-grazing transiting sub-Jupiter-mass exoplanet in a hierarchical triple system. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2011, 526: 5. Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.130S. arXiv:1012.2278 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015992. A130.
- ^ Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.; Irwin, M. The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, 459 (3): 2370–2378. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.459.2370T. arXiv:1601.07178 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stw733.
- ^ Croswell, K. Never-before-seen galaxy spotted orbiting the Milky Way. New Scientist. 2016-04-14 [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-26).
- ^ Bakich, Michael E. 1,001 Celestial Wonders to See Before You Die: The Best Sky Objects for Star Gazers. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series. New York, New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 2010: 79–80 [2021-04-14]. ISBN 978-1-4419-1777-5. (原始内容存档于2021-05-05).
- ^ A Galactic Gem – ESO's FORS2 instrument captures stunning details of spiral galaxy NGC 3981. European Southern Observatory. 2018-09-12 [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-05).
- ^ Tully, R. Brent. The Local Supercluster. The Astrophysical Journal. 1982, 257: 389–422. Bibcode:1982ApJ...257..389T. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/159999.
- ^ Chandra & XMM-Newton Provide Direct Measurement of Distant Black Hole's Spin. Chandra X-ray Center. 2014-03-05 [2021-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-08).
- ^ Reeves, J. N.; Watson, D.; Osborne, J. P.; Pounds, K. A.; O'Brien, P. T.; Short, A. D. T.; Turner, M. J. L.; Watson, M. G.; Mason, K. O.; Ehle, M.; Schartel, N. The signature of supernova ejecta measured in the X-ray afterglow of the Gamma Ray Burst 011211 (PDF). Nature. 2002-04-04, 416 (6880): 512–515 [2011-10-06]. Bibcode:2002Natur.416..512R. PMID 11932738. arXiv:astro-ph/0204075 . doi:10.1038/416512a. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-10-06).
- ^ P. M. Vreeswijk; S. L. Ellison; C. Ledoux; R. A. M. J. Wijers; J. P. U. Fynbo; P. Møller; A. Henden; J. Hjorth; G. Masi; E. Rol; B. L. Jensen; N. Tanvir; A. Levan; J. M. Castro Cerón; J. Gorosabel; A. J. Castro-Tirado; A. S. Fruchter; C. Kouveliotou; I. Burud; J. Rhoads; N. Masetti; E. Palazzi; E. Pian; H. Pedersen; L. Kaper; A. Gilmore; P. Kilmartin; J. V. Buckle; M. S. Seigar; D. H. Hartmann; K. Lindsay; E. P. J. van den Heuvel. The host of GRB 030323 at z = 3.372: A very high column density DLA system with a low metallicity. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2004, 419 (3): 927–940. Bibcode:2004A&A...419..927V. arXiv:astro-ph/0403080 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040086.
- ^ Levy, David H. David Levy's Guide to Observing Meteor Showers. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 2008: 105 [2021-04-13]. ISBN 978-0-521-69691-3. (原始内容存档于2021-05-05).
外部链接
- 深空摄影指南:巨爵座 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 巨爵座可点击星图 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 150余张中世纪到近现代的巨爵座图片 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)