常陳四,即獵犬座βBeta Canum Venaticorum、β CVn、β Canum Venaticorum),是一顆獵犬座黃矮星,視星等4.26[2],是獵犬座第二亮星。視差值118.49毫弧秒[1],因此與地球距離為27.53光年(8.44秒差距)。

Beta Canum Venaticorum
Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Auriga constellation and its surroundings
常陳四在獵犬座位置(圓圈處)
觀測資料
曆元 J2000
星座 獵犬座
星官 太微垣 常陈
赤經 12h 33m 44.54482s[1]
赤緯 +41° 21′ 26.9248″[1]
視星等(V) 4.26[2]
特性
光谱分类G0 V[2]
U−B 色指数0.04[3]
B−V 色指数0.58[3]
天体测定
徑向速度 (Rv)+6.9[4] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:–704.75[1] mas/yr
赤纬:+292.74[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)118.49 ± 0.20[1] mas
距离27.53 ± 0.05 ly
(8.44 ± 0.01 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)4.64[5]
詳細資料
質量1.025 ± 0.050[6] M
半徑1.123 ± 0.028[7] R
表面重力 (log g)4.60[8]
亮度1.151 ± 0.018[7] L
溫度5,653 ± 72[7] K
金属量 [Fe/H]–0.21[8] dex
自轉速度 (v sin i)2.9 ± 0.4[9] km/s
年齡5.3[10] to 7.1[5] Gyr
其他命名
Chara, Asterion, Beta CVn, 8 CVn, BD +42 2321, FK5 470, HD 109358, HIP 61317, HR 4785, SAO 44230.[2]
參考資料庫
SIMBAD资料
ARICNS资料

常陳四和獵犬座最亮星常陳一共同代表獵犬座中偏南方的獵犬。它的西方固有名稱 Chara 原本指「南方的狗」,不過現在專指常陳四,在希臘語(χαρά)中的意思則是「歡樂」[11]

在中國該星屬於太微垣常陳星官,常陳的意思是「禁衛軍」[12],「常陳四」即代表該恆星是常陳星官的第四顆恆星[13]

觀測

常陳四的視星等為4.26,是獵犬座第二亮星。它的光譜類型是G0 V,屬於黃矮星,並且自1943年起它的光譜就是G0 V型的標準光譜[14]。它的光譜中有來自色球層的極弱一次電離鈣離子(Ca II)發射線,該發射線是和其他光譜類似恆星比較時的重要參考(Ca II 發射線容易被量測到,並且可用來量測恆星色球層的活躍成度)[15]

常陳四被認為是金屬量稍低的恆星[8],不過它的質量、年齡和演化階段都顯示它和太陽相似[16],因此它被認為是類太陽恆星。它的質量比太陽高3%[6]、半徑比太陽大12%、以及光度比太陽高15%[7]

常陳四在各分量上的空間速度(U, V, W) = (–25, 0, +2) km/s[16]。過去有人認為該恆星是一顆光譜聯星,但進一步的觀測證實它似乎並不是[17]。此外,搜尋常陳四旁可能存在的棕矮星也失敗了,至少以目前儀器精確度來看並沒有這樣的伴星[18]。一顆視星等6等的恆星獵犬座10距離常陳四1.43光年(0.44秒差距)[19]

外星生命存在可能性

2006年美國天文學家瑪格麗特·杜布爾將常陳四列為尋找外星生命的優先候選恆星[20]。因為該恆星性質與太陽接近,天文生物學家將它列入距離太陽10秒差距內最感興趣恆星名單中[16]。不過直到2009年仍未發現在常陳四旁有行星存在[6]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 bet CVn -- Spectroscopic binary. SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2010-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-12). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Argue, A. N. UBV photometry of 550 F, G and K type stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1966, 133: 475–493. Bibcode:1966MNRAS.133..475A. 
  4. ^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer. General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1953. Bibcode:1953QB901.W495...... 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Holmberg, J.; Nordström, B.; Andersen, J., The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 2009, 501 (3): 941–947, Bibcode:2009A&A...501..941H, arXiv:0811.3982 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811191. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 van Belle, Gerard T.; von Braun, Kaspar. Directly Determined Linear Radii and Effective Temperatures of Exoplanet Host Stars. The Astrophysical Journal. April 2009, 694 (2): 1085–1098. Bibcode:2009ApJ...694.1085V. arXiv:0901.1206 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/1085. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Boyajian, Tabetha S.; et al, Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. I. Main-sequence A, F, and G Stars, The Astrophysical Journal, February 2012, 746 (1): 101, Bibcode:2012ApJ...746..101B, arXiv:1112.3316 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/101. . See Table 10.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Luck, R. Earle; Heiter, Ulrike. Dwarfs in the Local Region. The Astronomical Journal. 2006, 131 (2): 3069–3092. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.3069L. doi:10.1086/504080. 
  9. ^ Herrero, E.; et al, Optimizing exoplanet transit searches around low-mass stars with inclination constraints, Astronomy & Astrophysics, January 2012, 537: A147, Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.147H, arXiv:1110.5840 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117809. 
  10. ^ Barry, Don C.; Cromwell, Richard H.; Hege, E. Keith. Chromospheric activity and ages of solar-type stars. Astrophysical Journal, Part 1. 1987, 315: 264–272. Bibcode:1987ApJ...315..264B. doi:10.1086/165131. 
  11. ^ Kaler, Jim. Beta Canum Venaticorum. Stars. University of Illinois. [2006-12-06]. (原始内容存档于2007-02-20). 
  12. ^ (中文) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  13. ^ (中文) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2009-09-29., Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  14. ^ Garrison, R. F., Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, December 1993, 25: 1319 [2012-02-04], Bibcode:1993AAS...183.1710G, (原始内容存档于2019-06-25). 
  15. ^ Herbig, G. H. Chromospheric H-alpha emission in F8-G3 dwarfs, and its connection with the T Tauri stars. Astrophysical Journal. 1985, 289 (1): 269–278. Bibcode:1985ApJ...289..269H. doi:10.1086/162887. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 de Mello, G. P.; del Peloso, E. F.; Ghezzi, L. Astrobiologically Interesting Stars Within 10 Parsecs of the Sun. Astrobiology (abstract). 2006, 6 (2): 308–331. Bibcode:2006AsBio...6..308P. PMID 16689649. arXiv:astro-ph/0511180 . doi:10.1089/ast.2006.6.308. 
  17. ^ Morbey, C. L.; Griffin, R. F. On the reality of certain spectroscopic orbits. Astrophysical Journal, Part 1. 1987, 317: 343–352. Bibcode:1987ApJ...317..343M. doi:10.1086/165281. 
  18. ^ Carson, J. C.; et al. The Cornell High-Order Adaptive Optics Survey for Brown Dwarfs in Stellar Systems. I. Observations, Data Reduction, and Detection Analyses. The Astronomical Journal. 2006, 130 (3): 1212–1220. Bibcode:2005AJ....130.1212C. arXiv:astro-ph/0506287 . doi:10.1086/432604. 
  19. ^ Shaya, Ed J.; Olling, Rob P., Very Wide Binaries and Other Comoving Stellar Companions: A Bayesian Analysis of the Hipparcos Catalogue, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement, January 2011, 192 (1): 2, Bibcode:2011ApJS..192....2S, arXiv:1007.0425 , doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/2. 
  20. ^ Stars searched for extraterrestrials. PhysOrg.com. 2006-02-19 [2008-05-04]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-30). 

外部連結