恢復運動

恢復運動Restoration Movement),又譯復原運動,是一個18、19世紀,在美國第二次大覺醒期間的基督教改革運動。強調活出新約聖經的原則,恢復聖經裏的教會樣式,促進在聖經真理的基礎上的合一,廢除一切晚近神學名稱及教會組織等。與基督新教相比,他們更加像基要派。主要領導人物包括亞歷山大·坎伯(Alexander Campbell)和伯通·史東(Burton Stone)等。

關鍵原則

  • 基督教不應被分割:基督只建立了一個教會。
  • 基督徒合一的基礎是聖經真理,不是人的意見。
  • 基督徒應該在早期教會的樣式上找到共同點,不是教會人為的傳統。
  • 教會的名稱應用聖經裡的名稱,不是人名(反對「衛斯理宗」或「路德宗」等的名稱)。

歷史過程

宗派分支

三個北美宗派可追溯到恢復運動:

  • 基督會(Disciples of Christ; The Christian Church)─ 在北美約有85萬名成員。
  • 基督的教會(The Churches of Christ)─ 在北美約有150萬名成員。
  • 獨立基督教教會(Independent Christian Churches)─ 全球的大約有200萬名成員;截至2001年,在美國約有15萬名成員。

參考文献

  • North, James B. (1994). Union in Truth: An Interpretive History of the Restoration Movement. Cincinnati, Ohio: The Standard Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7847-0197-0.
  • Flavil R. Yeakley, ed., The Discipling Dilemma: A Study of the Discipling Movement Among Churches of Christ (Nashville: Gospel Advocate Co., 1988).
  • C. Leonard Allen and Richard T. Hughes, Discovering Our Roots: The Ancestry of Churches of Christ (Abilene, Texas: ACU Press, 1988)
  • Martin Edward Wooten, "The Boston Movement as a 'Revitalization Movement'" (D.Min. thesis, Harding Graduate School of Religion, 1990)
  • Jerry Jones, What Does the Boston Movement Teach? vols. 1-3 (Bridgeton, Missouri: Jerry Jones, 12880 Bittick, 1991-93)
  • United States Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census, Religious Bodies, 1906 (United States Printing Office, 1910), 236
  • West, Earl Irvin (2002). The Search for the Ancient Order Vol. 1. Gospel Light Publishing Company. ISBN 0-89225-154-9
  • Douglas A. Foster (Editor), Paul M. Blowers (Editor), Anthony L. Dunnavant (Editor), D. Newell Williams (Editor). The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan. ISBN 0-8028-3898-7
  • Douglas A. Foster, Jack Reese, Jeff W. Childers, The Crux of the Matter: Crisis, Tradition, and the Future of Churches of Christ. ACU Press. ISBN 0-89112-035-1
  • Murch, James DeForest. Christians Only. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing, 1962.
  • Jennings, Walter Wilson. Origin and Early History of the Disciples of Christ Cincinnati: Standard Publishing, 1919.
  • Morrill, Milo True. History of the Christian Denomination in America. Dayton: The Christian Publishing Association, 1912.