敘利亞內戰傷亡
截至2023年3月,敘利亞反對派人士估計叙利亚内战已造成503,064至613,407人喪生。[1]2021年9月末,联合国指出在2011年3月至2021年3月之间,它记录了至少有350,209个“已确认个人”的死亡,并提醒该数字“必定存在低估”并且仅仅确定了“可核实的最低人数”。[2][3][4]
冲突最激烈的年份是2015年,约有11万人死亡。[5]战争半数的牺牲者死于2013年至2015年之间。到2022年3月中旬,反对派组织敘利亞人權觀察組織(SOHR)报告冲突中儿童的死亡人数已经升至25,546,而有15,437位妇女死亡。[1]
在2022年6月28日,联合国人权事务高级专员办事处(UNHCR)提到至少有306,887位平民在2011年3月至2021年3月的冲突中死于叙利亚,是战前人口的约1.5%。该数字不包括间接的和非平民的死亡。[6][7]截至2022年12月,非政府组织GCR2P估计最少有58万人死亡,而有1300万叙利亚人流离失所,而670万人成为被迫离开叙利亚的難民。据报道,政府军逮捕了无数返国的难民并施以酷刑,使其遭受强迫失踪或非法处刑。[8]
截至2015年,联合国难民署将此次冲突定为“世界上最严重的人道主义危机”,而联合国叙利亚调查委员会主席指出,叙利亚政府对大部分的平民伤亡负有责任。[9]亲反对派的叙利亚人权网络估计,叙利亚政府及其外国同盟对平民伤亡总数的91%负有责任。[10][11][12]而根据亲反对派的SOHR,其所记录的平民死亡的87%是由政府及亲政府力量造成的。[13]
根据活动家提供的资料(www.syrianshuhada.com)显示,截止2014年3月31日,已确认包括21,162名变节军在内的101,855人被安全部队打死[14],该数字不包括政府军死亡人数[15][16]。除了叙利亚人外,还有141个外国平民死于冲突中,其中有100个巴勒斯坦人、14个黎巴嫩人、6个土耳其人[17]。
總計死亡人數
来源 | 伤亡 | 时段 |
---|---|---|
联合国 | 350,209 被杀 (最保守估计,仅计算可被识别尸体数量)[18] | 2011年3月15日 – 2021年3月15日 |
GCR2P | 580,000 被杀 (最低估计)[19] | 2011年3月15日 – 2021年5月31日 |
叙利亚人权观察 | 617,910 被杀 (507,567 名字被确认)[20][21][参见 1] | 2011年3月15日 – 2023年3月15日 |
死亡最多的省份是大马士革省、阿勒颇省、霍姆斯省和伊德利卜省;以下各地死亡人數截至2016年4月。
地区 | 死亡人数 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
拉塔基亚省 | 1,511 | |
大馬士革省 | 34,813 | |
霍姆斯省 | 17,993 | |
哈马省 | 9,867 | |
哈塞克省 | 1,693 | |
德拉省 | 14,227 | |
阿勒颇省 | 31,257 | |
代尔祖尔省 | 9,696 | |
大馬士革 | 9,747 | |
塔尔图斯省 | 555 | |
伊德利卜省 | 16,699 | |
库奈特拉省 | 1,069 | |
苏韦达省 | 106 | |
拉卡省 | 2,665 | |
(黎巴嫩) | 5[22][23][24] | |
(土耳其) | 1[25] | |
总计 | 151,888[14] |
多方公布的数字从110,472多到162,402不等。下面列表中除了叙人权组织N.O.H.R.S.不统计政府軍的死亡数字外,其他组织统计的对象都包括平民、叛军和政府军在内:
公布的组织 | 死亡人数 | 统计日期 |
---|---|---|
叙利亚保卫人权同盟 | 3,482 死亡[26] | 2011年3月15日 – 10月24日 |
叙利亚全国人权组织(N.O.H.R.S.) | 4,500 平民死亡 | 2011年3月15日 – 11月18日 |
Avaaz | 9,000 死亡[27] | 2011年3月15日 – 2012年2月23日 |
叙利亚政府 | 10,475[28]-10,721[29] 死亡 | 2011年3月15日 – 2012年6月23日 |
地方协调委员会 | 28,000 死亡[30] | 2011年3月15日 – 2012年10月1日 |
联合国 | 70,000 死亡[31] | 2011年3月15日 – 2013年2月12日 |
叙利亚人权观察 | 162,402 死亡[32] | 2011年3月15日 – 2014年5月17日 |
暴力记录中心(VDC) | 110,472 死亡[33][34] | 2011年3月15日 – 2014年5月18日 |
2012年2月上旬,联合国儿童基金会报道,已有超过500个儿童被杀[35][36]。另有400名儿童据报道被关押在了监狱中并受到酷刑折磨[37][38]。而以上报道都被叙政府否认[39]。
此外,截止2012年2月下旬,已有3.2万名抗议者、平民与反对派人士被打伤[40];3500到4100名当局士兵受伤[41][42][43]。
據敘利亞人權觀察宣稱的數字,2019年全年有超過1萬人喪生,2020年全年有至少6,800人喪生[44]。
戰鬥人員死亡人數
亲政府武装 | 死亡人数 |
---|---|
总计 | 171,651–184,272[45][46][47] |
叙利亚军队与警察 | 92,839–105,242[45][46] |
叙利亚民兵组织 | 67,905[45] |
黎巴嫩真主党 | 1,782–2,000[45][47] |
俄罗斯雇佣兵 | 273[45] |
其他外国国籍武装人员 | 8,852[48] |
反政府武装 | 死亡人数 |
---|---|
总计 | 171,562–213,159[49][50] |
叙利亚反政府武装(包括“温和派”圣战分子) | 112,365–153,962[49][50] |
伊斯兰国 | 41,374[49] |
敘利亞民主力量及叙利亚工人党 | 17,875[49] |
外国平民死亡人数
国籍 | 平民死亡人数 |
---|---|
巴勒斯坦 | 3,383[51][52] |
土耳其 | 95[53][54] |
伊拉克 | 47[55][56][57][58] |
黎巴嫩 | 42[55][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] |
印度 | 39 |
约旦 | 26[55][66] |
沙乌地阿拉伯 | 23[55] |
索马利亚 | 15[66] |
埃及 | 12[55] |
利比亚 | 9[55] |
突尼斯 | 9[55] |
美国 | 6[67][68][69] |
苏丹 | 4[55] |
英国 | 4[70][71][72] |
阿富汗 | 3[73] |
科威特 | 3[55] |
澳大利亚 | 2[55] |
法国 | 2[66] |
日本 | 2[55] |
保加利亚 | 2 |
阿塞拜疆 | 1[55] |
比利时 | 1[55] |
希腊 | 1[55] |
冰岛 | 1[74] |
意大利 | 1[75] |
罗马尼亚 | 1[55] |
俄罗斯 | 1[55] |
以色列 | 1[55] |
也门 | 1[55] |
荷兰 | 1[76] |
不明 | 10[55] |
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