樁菇屬
口蘑科的一属真菌
樁菇屬(學名:Paxillus,意為小型的木樁[2]),是牛肝菌目網褶菌科的一個屬。本屬物種生長在土讓或腐木上,有些物種具有蕈柄,有些則無。有別於典型牛肝菌目物種,網褶菌科的物種具有蕈褶,其中本屬的蕈褶常沿蕈柄向下延伸,且容易與蕈傘分離。蕈傘初長成時邊緣會稍微往內捲曲。孢子印顏色為黃棕色至橄欖黃色,擔孢子表面平滑[3]。本屬多數物種有毒而不可食用,其中模式種卷缘桩菇過去在中歐、東歐被認為是可食的,後來才發現其毒性足以致命[2]。
網褶菌屬 | |
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卷缘桩菇 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
门: | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
纲: | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
目: | 牛肝菌目 Boletales |
科: | 網褶菌科 Paxillaceae |
属: | 網褶菌屬 Paxillus Fr. (1835) |
模式種 | |
卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. (1838)
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異名[1] | |
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樁菇屬的物種常與樹木形成外菌根,是最常被用來研究外菌根的模式生物之一,其中又以卷缘桩菇為大宗。卷缘桩菇與绒毛桩菇的基因組均已被完整定序[4]。
物種
截至2018年10月,真菌資料庫Index Fungorum共記錄了本屬38種物種[5][6]。
- Paxillus albidulus
- 亚马逊桩菇 Paxillus amazonicus
- Paxillus ammoniavirescens
- 奥尔桩菇 Paxillus atraetopus
- Paxillus brunneotomentosus
- Paxillus chalybaeus
- Paxillus coffeaceus
- Paxillus defibulatus
- Paxillus fasciculatus
- Paxillus fechtneri
- 丝桩菇 Paxillus filamentosus
- Paxillus guttatus
- Paxillus gymnopus
- Paxillus hortensis
- Paxillus ianthinophyllus
- 卷缘桩菇 Paxillus involutus,卷边桩菇
- Paxillus ionipus
- Paxillus leoninus
- Paxillus maculatus
- Paxillus minutesquamulosus
- Paxillus obscurisporus
- Paxillus ochraceus
- 东方桩菇 Paxillus orientalis[7]
- Paxillus pahangensis
- Paxillus piperatus
- Paxillus polychrous
- 皱褶桩菇 Paxillus rhytidophyllus
- Paxillus robiniae
- 绒毛桩菇 Paxillus rubicundulus
- Paxillus scleropus
- Paxillus serbicus
- Paxillus squamosus
- Paxillus validus
- Paxillus velenovskyi
- Paxillusvernalis
- 滇桩菇 Paxillus yunnanensis
- Paxillus zerovae
參考資料
- ^ Paxillus Fr. 1835. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [201-7-01].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Smith AH, Weber NS. The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 1980: 211. ISBN 978-0-472-85610-7.
- ^ Alan Bessette, Arleen Rainis Bessette, David William Fischer. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. 1997: 219 [2018-10-21]. ISBN 0815603886. (原始内容存档于2021-02-14).
- ^ Jargeat P, Chaumeton JP, Navaud O, Vizzini A, Gryta H. The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus s.s., and synthesis of species boundaries 118 (1). Fungal Biology: 12-31. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.10.008.
- ^ Kirk PM. Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. [2015-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-14).
- ^ 譯名參考:中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中国科学院 生态环境部: 288. 2018-05 [2018-10-21]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-12).
- ^ Matteo Gelardi, Alfredo Vizzini, Egon Horak, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron, Gang Wu. Paxillus orientalis sPaxillus nov. (Paxillaceae, Boletales) from south-western China based on morphological and molecular data and proposal of the new subgenus Alnopaxillus 13 (2). Mycological Progress: 333-342. doi:10.1007/s11557-013-0919-1.