死亡大道
死亡大道(英語:Death Avenue)是指紐約曼哈頓西邊第十大道和第十一大道在十九世紀時的別稱。
1847年,紐約市批准在曼哈頓西邊沿著第十和十一大道興建一條鐵路,鐵路路軌在公路上鋪設,由紐約中央鐵路公司營運,負責運動貨物例如煤,奶類製品和牛肉[1][2]。然而由於人車爭路,發生了太多死亡事故,這兩條大道因此獲得了「死亡大道」的別稱[3][4]。為了減低意外,於是聘請了「西城牛仔」(West Side cowboys),在火車頭前方舉旗要求行人車輛讓路[5]。在1910年,一個組織估計這死亡大道造成了548宗死亡個案和1,574宗受傷個案[1]。
1929年,紐約市通過了羅伯·摩斯提出的改善工程[2][6],興建一條高架鐵路取代原有的地面鐵路,使人車爭路意外不會再發生。工程耗資超過1.5億美元[7][4]。1941年,最後一條鐵軌在第十一大道移除,而西邊牛仔亦的工作亦步入歷史[8]。
參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Dunlap, David W. New York City Rail Crossings Carry a Deadly Past. The New York Times. February 18, 2015 [February 12, 2018]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2018-02-13) (美国英语).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 The Highline: past and present. GeoWeb, Harvard University. May 13, 2010 [October 23, 2014]. (原始内容存档于October 23, 2014).
- ^ Gray, Christopher. When a Monster Plied the West Side. The New York Times. December 22, 2011 [May 12, 2014]. (原始内容存档于May 17, 2014).
The New York World referred to the West Side route as Death Avenue in 1892, long after the Park Avenue problem had been solved, saying 'many had been sacrificed' to 'a monster which has menaced them night and day.'
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Amateau, Albert. Newspaper was there at High Line's birth and now its rebirth. he Villager 77 (48). [August 12, 2011]. (原始内容存档于July 13, 2011).
- ^ The West Side Cowboys of Death Avenue. exp1.com. [November 4, 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-04).
- ^ Walsh, Kevin. "High Line"'s Last Frontier. Forgotten NY. September 2012 [October 23, 2014]. (原始内容存档于October 24, 2014).
- ^ High Line History. Friends of the High Line. [August 2, 2009]. (原始内容存档于September 22, 2014).
- ^ ' Death Ave.' Ends as Last Rusty Rail Goes; Huge West Side Improvement Completed (PDF). The New York Times. June 26, 1941 [February 12, 2018]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语).