猫的智力
猫的智力是指猫解决问题和适应其周边环境的能力。研究者们已经发现猫能在不同的情况下运用自己所积累的知识、表达自己的需求以及对训练提示作出反应。
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/RedCat_8727.jpg/220px-RedCat_8727.jpg)
猫的大脑
脑容量
家猫的大脑大小约为五厘米长,重量在25到30克之间。[3][4]假设一只猫的身长是60厘米而重量是3.3千克,那么这只猫的大脑重量是它整个身体的0.91%[5],与人类的2.33%有很大区别。[6]根据脑化指数来看的话,指数大于一的动物属于脑袋大的那一类,反之亦然。而猫的脑化指数是1到1.71之间,人类的脑化指数为7.44到7.8。
猫科动物中有最大大脑的种类是是爪哇岛和巴厘岛的老虎。 [7]脊椎动物的大脑大小和智力之间是否存在因果关系比较有争议。很多实验都证明了这些因素之间的联系性。但是,相关性并不意味着因果关系。大部分关于大脑大小与智力相关性的实验都基于这样一个假设,也就是“复杂的行为需要复杂(也就是聪明)的大脑才能做出来”。然而这种说法并没有得到一贯的证明。 [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
猫大脑皮层的表面积大概是83cm²(平方厘米)。
脑部结构
根据塔夫茨大学兽医学院的研究人员的说法,人类和猫的大脑的物理结构非常相似。 [13]人脑和猫脑都有大脑皮层,并且还有相似的叶。[14] [15] 据报道,猫脑中的神经元数量为2.03亿。 [16] 对猫脑的一项分析还指出,猫脑被分为许多用于处理任务的不同区域,由辐条式网络链接在一起。 [17]这种连接方式能让猫的大脑拥有处理复杂环境以及做出快速反应的能力。
人和猫的大脑都是回旋脑,意思是人脑猫脑都有表面褶皱。 [18] [19] 猫的丘脑结构包括有下丘脑、 [20]上丘脑、外侧膝状体核 [21]和其他二级核结构等部位。
参考资料
- ^ Animals have complex dreams, MIT researcher proves.
- ^ Louie, K; Wilson, MA. Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Neuron. January 2001, 29 (1): 145–156. PMID 11182087. S2CID 10951037. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00186-6 .
- ^ Kinser, Patricia Anne. Brain and Body Size. Serendip. Bryn Mawr College. [26 June 2013]. (原始内容存档于10 May 2007).
- ^ Kinser, Patricia Anne. Brain and Body Size. Serendip. Bryn Mawr College. [26 June 2013]. (原始内容存档于10 May 2007).
- ^ Freberg, Laura. Relative Encephalization Quotients. Discovering Biological Psychology. 2009: 56. ISBN 978-0-547-17779-3.
- ^ Freberg, Laura. Relative Encephalization Quotients. Discovering Biological Psychology. 2009: 56. ISBN 978-0-547-17779-3.
- ^ Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Kitchener, Andrew C.; Gilissen, Emmanuel; MacDonald, David W. Brain size of the lion (Panthera leo) and the tiger (P. Tigris): Implications for intrageneric phylogeny, intraspecific differences and the effects of captivity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 98 (1): 85–93. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01249.x .
- ^ Healy, Susan D.; Rowe, Candy. A critique of comparative studies of brain size. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2007, 274 (1609): 453–64. JSTOR 25223800. PMC 1766390 . PMID 17476764. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3748.
- ^ Outhwaite, William. The Blackwell dictionary of modern social thought 2nd. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006: 257. ISBN 978-1-4051-3456-9.
- ^ Weiner, Irving B.; Craighead, W. Edward. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology 4. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 1857.
- ^ Sorabji, Richard. Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate. Cornell University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-8014-8298-4.[页码请求]
- ^ Zalta, Edward N. (编). Animal Consciousness. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 13 October 2010 [2022-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-11).
- ^ Gross, Richard. Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4441-0831-6.[页码请求]
- ^ Mann, M. Sets of neurons in somatic cerebral cortex of the cat and their ontogeny. Brain Research Reviews. 1979, 180 (1): 3–45. PMID 385112. S2CID 35240517. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(79)90015-8.
- ^ How Smart Is Your Cat?. Cat Watach. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. February 2010 [2022-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-26).
- ^ Ananthanarayanan, Rajagopal; Esser, Steven K.; Simon, Horst D.; Modha, Dharmendra S. Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis – SC '09. 2009: 1–12. ISBN 978-1-60558-744-8. doi:10.1145/1654059.1654124.
- ^ Kurths, Jürgen; Zhou, Changsong; Zamora-López, Gorka. Exploring Brain Function from Anatomical Connectivity. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2011, 5: 83. PMC 3124130 . PMID 21734863. doi:10.3389/fnins.2011.00083 .
- ^ Gyrencephalic Definition. Serendip. [6 February 2012]. (原始内容存档于3 June 2012).
- ^ Smith, J. M.; James, M. F.; Bockhorst, K. H. J.; Smith, M. I.; Bradley, D. P.; Papadakis, N. G.; Carpenter, T. A.; Parsons, A. A.; et al. Investigation of feline brain anatomy for the detection of cortical spreading depression with magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Anatomy. 2001, 198 (5): 537–54. PMC 1468243 . PMID 11430693. doi:10.1017/S002187820100766X.
- ^ Bear, Mark F.; Connors, Barry W.; Paradiso, Michael A. https://books.google.com/books?id=DbahEn-y6AoC&pg=PA579
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缺少标题 (帮助). Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 2007: 579–81. ISBN 978-0-7817-6003-4. - ^ Fourment, A.; Hirsch, J.C. Synaptic potentials in cat's lateral geniculate neurons during natural sleep with special reference to paradoxical sleep. Neuroscience Letters. 1980, 16 (2): 149–54. PMID 6302571. S2CID 12172929. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(80)90335-3.