實地調研

實地調研（field research），又稱實地研究（field study），為對於描述原始資料蒐集的概括術語，其所應用的領域包括民俗学、考古學、生物學、生態學、環境科學、地理學、地質學、地形學、地球物理學、古生物學、人類學、語言學、哲學、建築學以及社會學等自然或社會科學領域。與其他在實驗室准控制狀態下環境的研究相比，實地調查主要於野外實地進行。

水生生物学家在德国一条小溪旁边进行实地考察，采集底棲动物样本

1993年，在漢他病毒實地研究期间，美国疾病控制与预防中心一位科学家从捕获的啮齿目动物身上采集样本

根據研究對象的生亡與否，以及它們的存在地點位於居住棲息地或埋於土下，實地調查的實質內容也會有所差別。化石與考古遺址的發掘均包含實地工作，其他如訪問或觀察人們以學習他們的語言、民俗、和他們的社會結構等過程也都包含在內。某些狀況，尤其是研究的主題為人類本身的時候，工作的擬定必須再經過設計，以避免觀察者效應或是過度理論化、過於理想化該實質文化活動的風險。

野外調查的項目

• 採訪記錄
• 拍攝記錄
• 翻製記錄
• 整理消化

參考文獻

• Abu‐Lughod, Lila (1988). "Fieldwork of a dutiful daughter." In S. Altorki & C. Fawzi El-Solh (Eds.), Arab Women in the Field: Studying Your Own Society. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
• Akbar S. Ahmed (1984), "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", RAIN 60: 9-10
• Akerlof, G. A and Shiller, R. J. (2009) Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why it Matters for Global Capitalism. Princeton University Press.
• Aktouf, O. (2006) Le Management entre tradition et renouvellement. Montréal : Gaétan Morin
• Andrews, P.W.S (1949). Manufacturing Business. London: Macmillan.
• Bewley, T. (1999) Why Wages Don’t Fall during a Recession? Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
• Blinder, A. (1998) Asking About Prices: A New Approach to Understanding Price Stickiness. Russell Sage Foundation
• Bourdieu, P. (1979) Algeria 1960: The Disenchantment of the World: The Sense of Honour: The Kabyle House or the World Reversed: Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Bourdieu, P. (1979) The Inheritors: French Students and Their Relations to Culture, University of Chicago Press.
• Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Bourdieu, P (1984) Distinction: a Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Harvard University Press.
• Bourdieu, P. (1990). Homo Academicus, Polity,
• Bourdieu, P. and Passeron, J. C (1990) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture (Theory, Culture and Society Series), Sage.
• Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language and Symbolic Power, Harvard University Press 1991.
• Bourdieu, P. (1991) The Political Ontology of Martin Heidegger, Polity.
• Bourdieu, P. (1991) The Love of Art: European Art Museums and Their Public, Stanford University Press.
• Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language & Symbolic Power, Harvard University Press,
• Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L. (1992) An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology University of Chicago Press.
• Bourdieu, P. and Monique De Saint Martin, M., Jean-Claude Passeron, J.C. (1996) Academic Discourse: Linguistic Misunderstanding and Professorial Power, Polity.
• Bourdieu, P (1998) Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action, Stanford University Press.
• Bourdieu, P (1998) State nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power, Polity.
• Bourdieu, P (1999) Weight of the World: Social Suffering in Contemporary Society, Polity.
• Bourdieu, P (1999) Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market, New Press.
• Bourdieu, P (2000) Pascalian Meditations, Polity.
• Bourdieu, P. (2005)The Social Structures of the Economy. Polity.
• Cohen, Nissim & Arieli, Tamar (2011) "Field research in conflict environments: Methodological challenges and the snowball sampling （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）" Journal of Peace Research 48 (4): 423-436.
• Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1940) The Nuer, a description of the modes livelihood and political institutions of a Nilotic people. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Douglas, J.D. (1976). Investigative Social Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
• Glaser, Barney G., and Anselm L. Strauss (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
• Groh, Arnold A. (2018) Research Methods in Indigenous Contexts. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-72774-5
• Haavelmo, T. (1958)"The Role of the Econometrician in the Advancement of Economic Theory." Econometrica 26,351-35.
• Helper, S. (2000) ‘’ Economics and Field Research: You can Observe a Lot Just by Watching.’’ American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 90, 228-32.
• Ho, K. (2009) on "Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
• Jarvie, I. C. (1967) On Theories of Fieldwork and the Scientific Character of Social Anthropology, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Sep., 1967), pp. 223-242.
• Kaminski, M. M ( 2004). Games Prisoners Play. Princeton University Press. I
• Klein, L. R. (1982) "Economic Theoretic Restrictions in Econometrics." In Evaluation the Reliability of Macroeconomic Models. Edited by G.C. Chow and P. Corsi. New York: Willey.
• Malinowski, Bronisław (1929) The sexual life of savages in north-western Melanesia: an ethnographic account of courtship, marriage and family life among the natives of the Trobriand Islands, British New Guinea. New York: Halcyon House.
• Mead, M. (1928) Coming of age in Samoa: a psychological study of primitive youth for Western civilisation. New York: William Morrow & Co.
• Mintzberg, H. (1973) The Nature of Managerial Work.Harpercollins College Div
• Mintzberg, H. (2004) Managers Not MBAs: A Hard Look at the Soft Practice of Managing and Management Development. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
• Mintzberg, H. (2011)Managing. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
• Nell, E. J. (1988) Prosperity and Public Spending: Transformational Growth and the Role of the State, London, UK: Unwin and Hyman.
• Nell, E. J. (1992) Transformational Growth and Effective Demand, London, UK: Macmillan.
• Nell, E. J. (1996) Making Sense of a Changing Economy. London and New York: Routledge.
• Nell, E. J. (1998) The General Theory of Transformational Growth. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Nell, E. J. (1998) Transformational Growth and the Business Cycle, London, UK: Routledge.
• Nell, E.J and Errouaki, K. (2008) ‘’Conceptual Analysis, Fieldwork and Model Specification: Laying Down the Blueprints for a Klein-Nell Model,’’ MS. The New School, NY.
• Nell, E. J. and Errouaki, K. (2012) Rational Econometric Man: Transforming Structural Econometrics, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, USA: E. Elgar.
• Nell, E. J. and Errouaki, K. (2012) Hard Drugs and Easy Money. Forthcoming
• Renato, R. (1986) "From the door of his tent: the fieldworker and the inquisitor," in Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography. Edited by J. Clifford and G. E. Marcus. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
• Rice, T et al. (2004), ‘Future fields: introduction ‘. Anthropology Matters Journal, Vol 6 (2).
• Swann, P.G.M (2008) Putting Econometrics in its Place, Cheltenham, UK, E. Elgar.
• Townsend, Sakunthasathien, and Jordan, (2013) Chronicles from the Field: The Townsend Thai Project, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
• Udry, Ch. (2003), ‘Fieldwork, Economic Theory and Research on Institutions in Developing Countries’, UM, Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
• Whyte, W. F. (1955) Street Corner Society. Chicago: Chicago University Press.