芳香化酶

芳香酶
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	3EQM、3S79、3S7S、4GL5、4GL7、4KQ8
識別號
别名	CYP19A1；, ARO, ARO1, CPV1, CYAR, CYP19, CYPXIX, P-450AROM, cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1
外部ID	OMIM：107910 MGI：88587 HomoloGene：30955 GeneCards：CYP19A1
相關疾病
	aromatase excess syndrome
為以下藥物的標靶
	氨鲁米特、阿那曲唑、azalanstat、依西美坦、法屈唑、来曲唑、睾內脂
基因位置（人类）
染色体	15號染色體
终止	51,338,601 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠9号染色体
终止	54,175,394 bp
RNA表达模式
	查阅更多表达数据
基因本體
分子功能	• iron ion binding; • oxygen binding; • 金屬離子結合; • monooxygenase activity; • heme binding; • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen; • electron transfer activity; • oxidoreductase activity; • aromatase activity; • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen; • steroid hydroxylase activity;
細胞組分	• endoplasmic reticulum membrane; • 内质网; • 膜; • integral component of membrane;
生物學過程	• estrogen biosynthetic process; • androgen metabolic process; • negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response; • prostate gland growth; • sterol metabolic process; • negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis; • steroid biosynthetic process; • female gonad development; • female genitalia development; • 乳腺发育; • uterus development; • testosterone biosynthetic process; • androgen catabolic process; • positive regulation of estradiol secretion; • 電子傳遞鏈;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	1588
	13075
	ENSG00000137869
	ENSMUSG00000032274
	P11511
	P28649
NM_000103; NM_001347248; NM_001347249; NM_001347250; NM_001347251;
	NM_001347252; NM_001347253; NM_001347254; NM_001347255; NM_001347256; NM_031226
	NM_007810; NM_001348171; NM_001348172; NM_001348173
NP_000094; NP_001334177; NP_001334178; NP_001334179; NP_001334180;
	NP_001334181; NP_001334182; NP_001334183; NP_001334184; NP_001334185; NP_112503
	NP_001335100; NP_001335101; NP_001335102; NP_031836
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

芳香化酶、芳香酶（EC 1.14.14.14、英語：Aromatase），也稱為雌激素合成酶（英語：estrogen synthetase）或雌激素合酶（英語：estrogen synthase），是一種單加氧酶，負責雌激素生物合成的關鍵步驟。由人體基因CYP19A1編碼，是CYP450 酶蛋白質超家族成員，可催化類固醇生成涉及的許多反應。催化涉及甾体激素合成步骤中从雄激素到雌激素的芳香化（英语：Aromatization）反应。芳香化酶在许多人体组织中出现，如生殖腺（颗粒细胞（英语：granulosa cell））、脑、脂肪組織、胎盤、血管、皮膚和骨骼，对青春期的第二性征发育有重要作用。

催化機理

雄烯二酮 + 3O₂ + 3NADPH + 3H⁺

\rightleftharpoons

雌酮 + Formate + 4H₂O + 3NADP⁺

睾酮 + 3O₂ + 3NADPH + 3H⁺

\rightleftharpoons

雌二醇 + Formate + 4H₂O + 3NADP⁺

芳香酶催化的睾酮轉化到雌二醇的反應。類固醇由四個稠合的環（標記為A到D）組成。芳香酶將標記為A環芳香化

芳香化酶的催化机理：雄烯二酮轉化為雌酮的芳香酶催化機理。雄激素的19-甲基基团经过连续三次羟基化和脱水后，再以甲酸形式消去，同时A环发生芳香化^[7]

参考文献

^ 與芳香酶相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ 對芳香酶起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137869 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032274 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Vaz AD. Chapter 1: Cytochrome activation by cytochromes P450: a role for multiple oxidants in the oxidation of substrates. Fisher M, Lee JK, Obach RE (编). Drug metabolizing enzymes: cytochrome P450 and other enzymes in drug discovery and development. Lausanne, Switzerland: FontisMedia SA. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8247-4293-5.

進一步閱讀

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外部链接

"U.S. study of gay sheep may shed light on sexuality", via WikiNews, 15 August 2005.
Human CYP19A1 genome location and CYP19A1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser（英语：UCSC Genome Browser）.

[1] 與芳香酶相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[2] 對芳香酶起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137869 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032274 - Ensembl, May 2017

[5] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Vaz_2003-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Vaz AD. Chapter 1: Cytochrome activation by cytochromes P450: a role for multiple oxidants in the oxidation of substrates. Fisher M, Lee JK, Obach RE (编). Drug metabolizing enzymes: cytochrome P450 and other enzymes in drug discovery and development. Lausanne, Switzerland: FontisMedia SA. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8247-4293-5.

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