蜘蛛抱蛋属
天门冬科的一属植物
蜘蛛抱蛋属（学名：Aspidistra）是天門冬科下的一个属，为多年生草本植物，许多种类辐射对称的花被裂片像蜘蛛的腿，包围着像蛋一样的圆形花筒或庞大的柱头，开花时像一只只抱着蛋的蜘蛛，属名因此称为蜘蛛抱蛋。该属为亚洲特有种，现已记录大约200种，分布于亚洲的热带、亚热带地区。中国有一半以上的种类。[1]
蜘蛛抱蛋属
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| 蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra elatior | |
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| 一種蜘蛛抱蛋的花 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
| 目： | 天門冬目 Asparagales |
| 科： | 天门冬科 Asparagaceae |
| 亚科： | 玲花蕉亞科 Nolinoideae |
| 属： | 蜘蛛抱蛋属 Aspidistra Ker Gawl., 1823 |
| 異名 | |
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下属物种
本属包括以下物种：[2]
- 碟柱蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra acetabuliformis Y.Wan & C.C.Huang
- Aspidistra alata Tillich
- 白花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra albiflora C.R.Lin, W.B.Xu & Yan Liu
- Aspidistra albopurpurea Aver. & Tillich
- 忻城蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra alternativa D.Fang & L.Y.Yu
- Aspidistra anomala Aver. & Tillich
- 海防蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra arnautovii Tillich
- 防城蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra arnautovii var. angustifolia L. Wu & Y. Feng Huang
- 吉婆岛蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra arnautovii subsp. catbaensis
- Aspidistra atrata Aver., Tillich & B.H.Quang
- Aspidistra atroviolacea Tillich
- 薄叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra attenuata Hayata
- 黔南蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra australis S.Z.He & W.F.Xu
- 华南蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra austrosinensis Y.Wan & C.C.Huang
- 滇南蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra austroyunnanensis G.W.Hu, Lei Cai & Q.F.Wang, 2018
- Aspidistra averyanovii N.S.Lý & Tillich
- 巴马蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra bamaensis C.R.Lin, Y.Y.Liang & Yan Liu
- 基生蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra basalis Tillich
- Aspidistra bella Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen
- 两色蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra bicolor Tillich
- 宁平蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra bogneri Tillich
- Aspidistra brachystyla Aver. & Tillich
- Aspidistra cadamensis N.S.Lý & Tillich
- 丛生蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra caespitosa C.Pei
- Aspidistra campanulata Tillich
- 天峨蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra carinata Y.Wan & X.H.Lu
- Aspidistra carnosa Tillich
- 洞生蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra cavicola D.Fang & K.C.Yen
- 蜡黄蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra cerina G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang
- 赤水蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra chishuiensis S.Z.He & W.F.Xu
- Aspidistra chongzuoensis C.R.Lin & Y.S.Huang
- 春秀蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra chunxiuensis C.R.Lin & Yan Liu
- Aspidistra clausa Vislobokov
- 棒蕊蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra claviformis Y.Wan
- 隐花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra cleistantha D.X.Nong & H.Z.Lü
- Aspidistra coccigera Aver. & Tillich
- 大柱蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra columellaris Tillich
- 合瓣蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra connata Tillich
- Aspidistra corniculata Vislobokov
- 粗丝蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra crassifila Yan Liu & C.I Peng
- 十字蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra cruciformis Y.Wan & X.H.Lu
- Aspidistra cryptantha Tillich
- 杯花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra cyathiflora Y.Wan & C.C.Huang
- Aspidistra cylindrica Vislobokov & Nuraliev
- 大武蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra daibuensis Hayata
- 琅峤蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra daibuensis var. longkiauensis C.T.Lu, M.J.Yang & J.C.Wang, 2023 [3]
- 大新蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra daxinensis M.F.Hou & Yan Liu
- Aspidistra deflexa Aver., Tillich & V.T.Pham
- 景洪蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra depingiana Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding，以已故植物分类学家叶德平先生命名
- Aspidistra dodecandra (Gagnep.) Tillich
- 长药蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra dolichanthera X.X.Chen
- 峨边蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra ebianensis K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu
- 蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra elatior Blume
- 台湾蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra elatior var. attenuata (Hayata) S.S.Ying
- Aspidistra elegans Aver. & Tillich
- Aspidistra erecta Yan Liu & C.I Peng
- Aspidistra erosa Aver., Tillich, T.A.Le & K.S.Nguyen
- Aspidistra erythrocephala C.R.Lin & Y.Y.Liang
- 背药蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra extrorsa C.R.Lin & D.X.Nong
- 带叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra fasciaria G.Z.Li
- 凤凰蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra fenghuangensis K.Y.Lang
- 流苏蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra fimbriata F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang
- 黄花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra flaviflora K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu
- Aspidistra foliosa Tillich
- 台岛蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra formosa (Tillich) Aver. et Tillich
- 伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra fungilliformis Y.Wan
- Aspidistra geastrum Tillich
- Aspidistra glandulosa (Gagnep.) Tillich
- Aspidistra glandulosa Pierre ex Gagnep.
- Aspidistra globosa Vislobokov & Nuraliev[4]
- 细长梗蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra gracilis Tillich
- Aspidistra graminifolia Aver. & Tillich
- 巨花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra grandiflora Tillich
- 广西蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra guangxiensis S.C.Tang & Yan Liu
- 贵州蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra guizhouensis S.Z.He & W.F.Xu
- 海南蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra hainanensis Chun et How
- 河口蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra hekouensis H.Li, C.L.Long & Bogner
- Aspidistra heterocarpa Aver., Tillich & V.T.Pham
- Aspidistra heterotepala T.C. Hsu & Luu[5]
- Aspidistra hexianensis J.L.Huang & D.Y.Hong
- 贺州蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra hezhouensis Q.Gao & Yan Liu
- 环江蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra huanjiangensis G.Z.Li & Y.G.Wei
- Aspidistra jiewhoei Tillich
- 靖西蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra jingxiensis Yan Liu & C.R.Lin
- Aspidistra khangii Aver. & Tillich
- Aspidistra laongamensis C.R.Lin & X.Y.Huang
- Aspidistra laotica Aver. & Tillich
- 黑花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra larutensis W.J.de Wilde & A.Vogel
- Aspidistra lateralis Tillich
- 阔柱蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra latistyla F.Y.Mo, C.R.Lin & Yan Liu, 2021
- 乐山蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra leshanensis K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu
- Aspidistra letreae Aver., Tillich & T.A.Le
- 白柱蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra leucographa C.R.Lin & C.Y.Zou
- Aspidistra leyeensis Y.Wan & C.C.Huang
- 荔波蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra liboensis S.Z.He & J.Y.Wu
- 线叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra linearifolia Y.Wan & C.C.Huang
- 灵川蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra lingchuanensis C.R.Lin & L.F.Guo
- 凌云蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra lingyunensis C.R.Lin & L.F.Guo
- 浅裂蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra lobata Tillich
- Aspidistra locii Arnautov & Bogner
- 隆安蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longanensis Y.Wan
- 隆安蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longgangensis C.R.Lin, Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu
- 隆回蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longhuiensis G.W. Hu, Zhi Wang & Q.F. Wang[6]
- Aspidistra longiconnectiva C.T.Lu, K.C.Chuang & J.C.Wang
- 弄岗蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longgangensis C. R. Lin, Y. S. Huang & Yan Liu
- 龙州蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longzhouensis C. R. Lin, T. Meng & Yan Liu, 2023（广西）
- 长叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longifolia Hook.f.
- 巨型蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longiloba G.Z.Li
- 长梗蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longipedunculata D.Fang
- 长瓣蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longipetala S.Z.Huang
- 长筒蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longituba Yan Liu & C.R.Lin
- 龙胜蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra longshengensis C.R.Lin & W.B.Xu
- Aspidistra lubae Aver. & Tillich
- 罗城蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra luochengensis B.Pan & C.R.Lin
- 罗甸蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra luodianensis D.D.Tao
- 九龙盘 Aspidistra lurida KerGawl.
- 黄瓣蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra lutea Tillich
- 马关蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra maguanensis S.Z.He & D.H.Lv
- Aspidistra marasmioides Tillich
- 啮边蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra marginella D.Fang & L.Zeng
- Aspidistra medusa Aver., K.S.Nguyen & Tillich
- Aspidistra micrantha Vislobokov & Nuraliev
- Aspidistra minor Vislobokov, Nuraliev & M.S.Romanov
- 小花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra minutiflora Stapf
- Aspidistra mirostigma Tillich
- Aspidistra mokokchungensis D.K. Roy, N. Odyuo, R. Lytan, D.L. Biate & A.A. Mao[7]
- 帆状蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra molendinacea G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang
- Aspidistra multiflora Aver. & Tillich
- 糙果蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra muricata F.C.How
- 雾庄蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra mushaensis Hayata
- 南川蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra nanchuanensis Tillich
- 南昆山蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra nankunshanensis Yan Liu & C.R.Lin
- Aspidistra neglecta Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen
- Aspidistra nigra Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen
- Aspidistra nikitensis Kalyuzhny & Vislobokov, 2022[8]
- Aspidistra nikolaii Aver. & Tillich
- Aspidistra nitens Aver., K. S. Nguyen et Tillich[9]
- 垂花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra nutans Aver. & Tillich
- 锥花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra obconica C.R.Lin & Yan Liu
- 棕叶草 Aspidistra oblanceifolia F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang
- 歪盾蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra obliquipeltata D.Fang & L.Y.Yu
- 长圆叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra oblongifolia F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang
- Aspidistra obtusata Vislobokov
- 峨眉蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra omeiensis Z.Y.Zhu & J.L.Zhang
- Aspidistra opaca Tillich
- 卵药蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra ovatianthera C.R. Lin & Y.S. Huang[10]
- 拟卵叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra ovatifolia Yan Liu & C.R.Lin
- Aspidistra oviflora Aver. & Tillich
- 乳突蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra papillata G.Z.Li
- 离瓣蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra partita Y.H.Tan & H.B.Ding[11]
- 柳江蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra patentiloba Y.Wan & X.H.Lu
- Aspidistra paucitepala Vislobokov, Nuraliev & D.D.Sokoloff
- Aspidistra petiolata Tillich
- Aspidistra phanluongii Vislobokov
- 帽状蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra pileata D.Fang & L.Y.Yu
- 平伐蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra pingfaensis S.Z.He & Q.W.Sun
- 平塘蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra pingtangensis S.Z.He, W.F.Xu & Q.W.Sun
- 华丽蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra pulchella B.M.Wang & Yan Liu
- 斑点蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra punctata Lindl.
- 拟斑点蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra punctatoides Yan Liu & C.R.Lin
- 紫斑蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra purpureomaculata H.C. Xi, J.T. Yin & W.G. Wang[12]
- 綦江蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra qijiangensis S.Z.He & X.Y.Luo
- 裂柱蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra quadripartita G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang
- Aspidistra quangngaiensis N.S.Lý, Haev. & Tillich
- 辐射蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra radiata G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang, 2016
- Aspidistra recondita Tillich
- 广西蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra retusa K.Y.Lang & S.Z.Huang
- 卷瓣蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra revoluta Hao Zhou, S.R.Yi & Q.Gao
- 融安蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra ronganensis C.R.Lin, Jing Liu & W.B.Xu
- Aspidistra saccata X.Y.Huang, Y.D.Peng & D.X.Nong, 2022
- Aspidistra sarcantha Aver., Tillich, T.A.Le & K.S.Nguyen
- 石山蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra saxicola Y.Wan
- 细口蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. & Tillich
- 无梗蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra sessiliflora Aver. & Tillich
- 石门台蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra shimentaiensis [13]
- 十万大山蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra shiwandashanensis [10]
- 四川蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra sichuanensis K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu
- 中国蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra sinensis Aver. & Tillich
- Aspidistra sinuata Aver. & Tillich
- 刺果蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra spinula S.Z.He
- Aspidistra stellata Aver. & Tillich
- 狭叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra stenophylla C.R.Lin & R.C.Hu
- Aspidistra stricta Tillich
- 辐花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra subrotata Y.Wan & C.C.Huang
- Aspidistra superba Tillich
- 滇泰蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra sutepensis K.Larsen
- 连基蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra synpetala C.R.Lin & Yan Liu
- 剑叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra tenuifolia C.R.Lin & J.C.Yang
- Aspidistra tillichiana O.Colin
- 大花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra tonkinensis (Gagnep.) F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang
- 密生大花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra tonkinensis var. compacta Aver. & Tillich
- 湖南蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra triloba F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang
- Aspidistra triquetra Aver., Son, Tillich & K.S.Nguyen
- Aspidistra triradiata Vislobokov
- Aspidistra truongii Aver. & Tillich
- Aspidistra tubiflora Tillich
- 卵叶蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra typica Baill.
- Aspidistra umbrosa Tillich
- 坛花蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra urceolata F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang
- Aspidistra ventricosa Tillich
- Aspidistra verruculosa Aver., Tillich & D.D.Nguyen
- Aspidistra vietnamensis (Aver. & Tillich) Aver. & Tillich
- Aspidistra viridiflora Vislobokov & Nuraliev
- 乌江蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra wujiangensis W.F.Xu & S.Z.He
- 深圳蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra xiaoyunii C.R. Lin, B.M. Wang & Yan Liu[10]
- 西畴蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra xichouensis Lei Cai, Z.L. Dao & G.W. Hu[14]
- 西林蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra xilinensis Y.Wan & X.H.Lu
- Aspidistra xuansonensis Vislobokov
- 盈江蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra yingjiangensis L. J. Peng
- 宜州蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra yizhouensis B.Pan & C.R.Lin
- 大瑶山蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra yunbiaoi C.R. Lin & Yan Liu[10]
- 云雾蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra yunwuensis S.Z.He & W.F.Xu
- Aspidistra zhangii Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen
- 正安蜘蛛抱蛋 Aspidistra zhenganensis S.Z.He & Y.Wang
- Aspidistra zinaidae Aver. & Tillich
- 粽耙叶 Aspidistra zongbayi K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu
- 归入本属的物种：
参考文献
- ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. [2012-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）.
- ^ Aspidistra Ker Gawl.. GBIF. [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-27）.
- ^ Aspidistra daibuensis var. longkiauensis, a new variety of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) from Taiwan, identified through morphological and genetic analyses. PhytoKeys. [2023-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-01）.
- ^ Vislobokov N A , Nuraliev M S , Kuznetsov A N , et al. Aspidistra globosa (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae), a new species with erect stem from southern Vietnam[J]. Phytotaxa, 2016, 282(1):46.
- ^ Tian-Chuan Hsu, Hong Truong Luu and Chia-Wei Li. 2022. Aspidistra heterotepala (Asparagaceae), A New Species from southern Vietnam. Taiwania. 67(1); 21 - 24
- ^ 凤仙花属及蜘蛛抱蛋属新物种：泡萼凤仙花和隆回蜘蛛抱蛋. NSII. [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-14）.
- ^ Dilip Kumar Roy, Rikertre Lytan, David L. Biate, Nripemo Odyuo, Tiatemsu Punatemjen and Ashiho A. Mao. 2022. Aspidistra mokokchungensis (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae), A New Species from India. NELUMBO. 64(1); DOI: 10.20324/nelumbo/v64/2022/168341 Nelumbo-BSI.org/index.php/nlmbo/article/view/168341/0 https://mokokchungtimes.com/aspidistra-mokokchungensis-a-new-species-discovered-in-mokokchung （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Sergey S. Kalyuzhny, Nikolay A. Vislobokov, Hong Truong Luu, Yury V. Plugatar, Andrey N. Kuznetsov, Svetlana P. Kuznetsova, Vladislav V. Korzhenevsky and Oksana P. Vin'kovskaya. 2022. Aspidistra nikitensis (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae), A New Species from Vietnam. Phytotaxa. 574(4); 289-294. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.4.4
- ^ L. V. Averyanov, Khang Sinh Nguyen, Hans-Juergen Tillich, L. I. Krupkina, T. V. Maisak and I. V. Sokolova. 2021. Aspidistra nitens (Asparagaceae, Convallariaceae s. str.), A New Species from central Laos. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium [Novitates Syst. Pl. Vasc.]. 52; 26-32. DOI: 10.31111/novitates/2021.52.26
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Four new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) from southern China. Phytotaxa. [2023-03-17].
- ^ 蜘蛛抱蛋属植物2新种：离瓣蜘蛛抱蛋和景洪蜘蛛抱蛋. 国粗标本平台. [2023-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）.
- ^ 版纳植物园内发现老挝植物新种：紫斑蜘蛛抱蛋. NSII. [2023-02-15].
- ^ 广东石门台再现新物种：石门台蜘蛛抱蛋. NSII. [2023-10-23].
- ^ 蜘蛛抱蛋属植物1新种：西畴蜘蛛抱蛋. NSII. [2023-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-16）.