醋酸甲羥孕酮

醋酸甲羥孕酮(Medroxyprogesterone acetate,MPA),其中注射劑型的醋酸甲羥孕酮(depot medroxyprogesterone acetate,DMPA),商品名包括狄波-普維拉(Depo-Provera),是黃體酯酮 (藥物)英语Progestogen (medication)激素药物[8] [3]。適應範圍,包括避孕激素替代療法[8] [3]。也可用於治疗子宮內膜異位症異常子宫出血男性的性別認知异常及某些类型的癌症[8]。药物可单独使用,也可与雌激素(藥物)英语Estrogen (medication)併用[9] [10]。有口服舌下肌肉皮下注射等不同劑型[8]

醋酸甲羥孕酮
臨床資料
读音/mɛˌdrɒksiprˈɛstərn ˈæsɪtt/ me-DROKS-ee-proh-JES-tər-ohn ASS-i-tayt[1]
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureDepo-Provera, others
其他名稱MPA; DMPA; Methylhydroxyprogesterone acetate; Methylacetoxyprogesterone; MAP; Methypregnone; Metipregnone; 6α-Methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate; 6α-Methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone; 6α-Methyl-17α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione acetate; NSC-26386
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa604039
懷孕分級
  • : D
给药途径口服给药舌下肌肉注射皮下注射
藥物類別英语Drug class黃體酯酮 (藥物)英语Progestogen (medication)黃體素孕激素酯英语Progestogen ester抗促性腺激素英语Antigonadotropin類固醇類抗雄激素英语Steroidal antiandrogen
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度口服:~100%[3][4]
血漿蛋白結合率88%(血清白蛋白[4]
药物代谢肝臟羟基化 (CYP3A4),氧化还原反应conjugation英语conjugation (biochemistry))[5][3]
生物半衰期口服:12–33小時[5][3]
IM (aq. susp.): ~50 days[6]
SC (aq. susp.): ~40 days[7]
排泄途徑尿 (as conjugate英语conjugation (biochemistry)s)[5]
识别信息
  • [(6S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-acetyl-6,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate
CAS号71-58-9
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.689 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C24H34O4
摩尔质量386.53 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
熔点207至209 °C(405至408 °F)
  • C[C@H]1C[C@@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@]3(C(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)[C@@]4(C1=CC(=O)CC4)C
  • InChI=InChI=1S/C24H34O4/c1-14-12-18-19(22(4)9-6-17(27)13-21(14)22)7-10-23(5)20(18)8-11-24(23,15(2)25)28-16(3)26/h13-14,18-20H,6-12H2,1-5H3/t14-,18+,19-,20-,22+,23-,24-/m0/s1
  • Key:PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N

常见的副作用包括月经失调(如閉經) 、腹痛頭痛[8]。更严重的副作用包括骨质流失血栓过敏肝脏问题[8]。不建议在怀孕期使用,因可能伤害婴儿[8]。 醋酸甲羥孕酮是一种人工合成的黃體酯酮 (藥物)英语Progestogen (medication),它能活化孕酮受体,即孕酮生物学靶点[3]。它也具弱的糖皮质激素活性和非常弱的雄激素活性,但無其他重要的激素活性[3] [11]。因為它的孕激素活性,使用後會减少人体的促性腺激素释放,并抑制性激素濃度[12]。它能抑制排卵而避孕[8]

醋酸甲羥孕酮在1956年被发现,在1959年取得美国的医疗使用許可[13] [14] [8]。名列世界卫生组织基本药物清单[15]。它是停經後激素治疗和纯孕激素避孕药中最常用的孕激素[16] [17]。 注射型藥物已在100多个国家取得长效型避孕藥的使用許可[18] [19]。 2017年,它是美国最常用处方药的第222名,处方數量超过200万张[20] [21]

參見

参考文獻

  1. ^ Medroxyprogesterone Uses, Dosage & Side Effects. 
  2. ^ Product monograph brand safety updates. Health Canada. February 2024 [24 March 2024]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Kuhl H. Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration (PDF). Climacteric. 2005, 8 (Suppl 1): 3–63. PMID 16112947. S2CID 24616324. doi:10.1080/13697130500148875. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmann R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppe KW, Thijssen JH. Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas. 2008, 61 (1–2): 171–80. PMID 19434889. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.11.013. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Provera (PDF). FDA. 2015 [31 March 2018]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于11 February 2017). 
  6. ^ Depo_Provera (PDF). FDA. 2016 [31 March 2018]. 
  7. ^ depo-subQ Provera (PDF). FDA. 2017 [31 March 2018]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 December 2016]. (原始内容存档于24 December 2016). 
  9. ^ Archive copy. [2017-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-03). 
  10. ^ Sweetman, Sean C. (编). https://web.archive.org/web/20210828162143/https://about.medicinescomplete.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/extensions/revolution.extension.parallax.min.js?version=5.4.5 |archiveurl=缺少标题 (帮助). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference 36th. London: Pharmaceutical Press. 2009: 2113–2114 [2018-04-01]. ISBN 978-0-85369-840-1. (原始内容存档于2021-08-28). 
  11. ^ Kemppainen JA, Langley E, Wong CI, Bobseine K, Kelce WR, Wilson EM. Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: distinct mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and dihydrotestosterone. Molecular Endocrinology. March 1999, 13 (3): 440–54. PMID 10077001. doi:10.1210/mend.13.3.0255. 
  12. ^ Genazzani AR. Frontiers in Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. Taylor & Francis. 15 January 1993: 320. ISBN 978-1-85070-486-7. (原始内容存档于20 May 2016). 
  13. ^ Stanley M. Roberts. Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development: Chapter 12. Hormone replacement therapy. Elsevier Science. 7 May 2013: 9– [3 April 2018]. ISBN 978-0-12-806202-9. (原始内容存档于1 August 2020). [...] medroxyprogesterone acetate, also known as Provera® (discovered simultaneously by Searle and Upjohn in 1956) [..] 
  14. ^ Sneader, Walter. Chapter 18: Hormone analogs. New York: Wiley. 2005: 204. ISBN 0-471-89980-1. 
  15. ^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 
  16. ^ A. Wayne Meikle. Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. 1 June 1999: 383– [20 July 2018]. ISBN 978-1-59259-700-0. (原始内容存档于1 August 2020). 
  17. ^ Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (World Health Organization); World Health Organization. Research on Reproductive Health at WHO: Biennial Report 2000-2001. World Health Organization. 2002: 17– [2018-07-20]. ISBN 978-92-4-156208-9. (原始内容存档于2020-08-01). 
  18. ^ Bagade O, Pawar V, Patel R, Patel B, Awasarkar V, Diwate S. Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control (PDF). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014, 3 (10): 364–392 [2018-08-02]. ISSN 2278-4357. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-10). 
  19. ^ Sulochana Gunasheela. Practical Management of Gynecological Problems. JP Medical Ltd. 14 March 2011: 39– [2 August 2018]. ISBN 978-93-5025-240-6. (原始内容存档于1 August 2020). 
  20. ^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 February 2021). 
  21. ^ Medroxyprogesterone Acetate - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始内容存档于2 July 2020).