醋酸甲羥孕酮
醋酸甲羥孕酮(Medroxyprogesterone acetate,MPA),其中注射劑型的醋酸甲羥孕酮(depot medroxyprogesterone acetate,DMPA),商品名包括狄波-普維拉(Depo-Provera),是黃體酯酮 (藥物)类激素药物[8] [3]。適應範圍,包括避孕與激素替代療法[8] [3]。也可用於治疗子宮內膜異位症、異常子宫出血、男性的性別認知异常及某些类型的癌症[8]。药物可单独使用,也可与雌激素(藥物)併用[9] [10]。有口服、舌下、肌肉或皮下注射等不同劑型[8]。
臨床資料 | |
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读音 | /mɛˌdrɒksiproʊˈdʒɛstəroʊn ˈæsɪteɪt/ me-DROKS-ee-proh-JES-tər-ohn ASS-i-tayt[1] |
商品名 | Depo-Provera, others |
其他名稱 | MPA; DMPA; Methylhydroxy |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a604039 |
懷孕分級 |
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给药途径 | 口服给药、舌下、肌肉注射、皮下注射 |
藥物類別 | 黃體酯酮 (藥物);黃體素;孕激素酯;抗促性腺激素;類固醇類抗雄激素 |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 |
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藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | 口服:~100%[3][4] |
血漿蛋白結合率 | 88%(血清白蛋白)[4] |
药物代谢 | 肝臟(羟基化 (CYP3A4),氧化还原反应,conjugation)[5][3] |
生物半衰期 | 口服:12–33小時[5][3] IM (aq. susp.): ~50 days[6] SC (aq. susp.): ~40 days[7] |
排泄途徑 | 尿 (as conjugates)[5] |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 71-58-9 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.689 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C24H34O4 |
摩尔质量 | 386.53 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
熔点 | 207至209 °C(405至408 °F) |
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常见的副作用包括月经失调(如閉經) 、腹痛和頭痛[8]。更严重的副作用包括骨质流失、血栓、过敏和肝脏问题[8]。不建议在怀孕期使用,因可能伤害婴儿[8]。 醋酸甲羥孕酮是一种人工合成的黃體酯酮 (藥物),它能活化孕酮受体,即孕酮的生物学靶点[3]。它也具弱的糖皮质激素活性和非常弱的雄激素活性,但無其他重要的激素活性[3] [11]。因為它的孕激素活性,使用後會减少人体的促性腺激素释放,并抑制性激素濃度[12]。它能抑制排卵而避孕[8]。
醋酸甲羥孕酮在1956年被发现,在1959年取得美国的医疗使用許可[13] [14] [8]。名列世界卫生组织基本药物清单[15]。它是停經後激素治疗和纯孕激素避孕药中最常用的孕激素[16] [17]。 注射型藥物已在100多个国家取得长效型避孕藥的使用許可[18] [19]。 2017年,它是美国最常用处方药的第222名,处方數量超过200万张[20] [21]。
參見
参考文獻
- ^ Medroxyprogesterone Uses, Dosage & Side Effects.
- ^ Product monograph brand safety updates. Health Canada. February 2024 [24 March 2024].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Kuhl H. Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration (PDF). Climacteric. 2005, 8 (Suppl 1): 3–63. PMID 16112947. S2CID 24616324. doi:10.1080/13697130500148875.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Schindler AE, Campagnoli C, Druckmann R, Huber J, Pasqualini JR, Schweppe KW, Thijssen JH. Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas. 2008, 61 (1–2): 171–80. PMID 19434889. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.11.013.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Provera (PDF). FDA. 2015 [31 March 2018]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于11 February 2017).
- ^ Depo_Provera (PDF). FDA. 2016 [31 March 2018].
- ^ depo-subQ Provera (PDF). FDA. 2017 [31 March 2018].
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 December 2016]. (原始内容存档于24 December 2016).
- ^ Archive copy. [2017-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-03).
- ^ Sweetman, Sean C. (编). https://web.archive.org/web/20210828162143/https://about.medicinescomplete.com/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/extensions/revolution.extension.parallax.min.js?version=5.4.5
|archiveurl=
缺少标题 (帮助). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference 36th. London: Pharmaceutical Press. 2009: 2113–2114 [2018-04-01]. ISBN 978-0-85369-840-1. (原始内容存档于2021-08-28). - ^ Kemppainen JA, Langley E, Wong CI, Bobseine K, Kelce WR, Wilson EM. Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: distinct mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and dihydrotestosterone. Molecular Endocrinology. March 1999, 13 (3): 440–54. PMID 10077001. doi:10.1210/mend.13.3.0255.
- ^ Genazzani AR. Frontiers in Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. Taylor & Francis. 15 January 1993: 320. ISBN 978-1-85070-486-7. (原始内容存档于20 May 2016).
- ^ Stanley M. Roberts. Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development: Chapter 12. Hormone replacement therapy. Elsevier Science. 7 May 2013: 9– [3 April 2018]. ISBN 978-0-12-806202-9. (原始内容存档于1 August 2020).
[...] medroxyprogesterone acetate, also known as Provera® (discovered simultaneously by Searle and Upjohn in 1956) [..]
- ^ Sneader, Walter. Chapter 18: Hormone analogs. New York: Wiley. 2005: 204. ISBN 0-471-89980-1.
- ^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ A. Wayne Meikle. Hormone Replacement Therapy. Springer Science & Business Media. 1 June 1999: 383– [20 July 2018]. ISBN 978-1-59259-700-0. (原始内容存档于1 August 2020).
- ^ Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (World Health Organization); World Health Organization. Research on Reproductive Health at WHO: Biennial Report 2000-2001. World Health Organization. 2002: 17– [2018-07-20]. ISBN 978-92-4-156208-9. (原始内容存档于2020-08-01).
- ^ Bagade O, Pawar V, Patel R, Patel B, Awasarkar V, Diwate S. Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception: safe, reliable, and cost-effective birth control (PDF). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014, 3 (10): 364–392 [2018-08-02]. ISSN 2278-4357. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-10).
- ^ Sulochana Gunasheela. Practical Management of Gynecological Problems. JP Medical Ltd. 14 March 2011: 39– [2 August 2018]. ISBN 978-93-5025-240-6. (原始内容存档于1 August 2020).
- ^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始内容存档于12 February 2021).
- ^ Medroxyprogesterone Acetate - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始内容存档于2 July 2020).