馬里亞納群島及帕勞戰役
馬里亞納群島及帛琉戰役(日语:マリアナ・パラオ諸島の戦い/マリアナ・パラオしょとうのたたかい;英語:Mariana and Palau Islands campaign)是1944年6月至11月发生在馬里亞納群島及帛琉的战役。美軍的攻勢在切斯特·威廉·尼米兹的指揮下,緊跟隨吉爾伯特及馬紹爾群島戰事而展開,目的是攻佔日軍在中太平洋的軍事基地,以支援同盟國重返菲律賓群島,及提供基地對日本本土實施戰略轟炸行動。
馬里亞納群島戰役
塞班島戰役
在攻勢開始時,美國海軍陸戰隊和美國陸軍在美國海軍的支援下,於1944年6月在塞班島實施登陸,作為回應,日本帝國海軍聯合艦隊對支援登陸的美國海軍艦隊實施打擊,在6月19日–6月20日的菲律賓海海戰航空母艦戰役中,日本海軍被打敗,艦載機及岸基飛機遭到慘重損失。
關島及天寧島戰役
之後,美軍於1944年7月分別在關島及天寧島實施登陸,經過激烈的戰鬥後,美軍在7月攻佔塞班島及在8月佔領關島和天寧島,美軍在塞班島及天寧島修建機場,至第二次世界大戰結束前作為B-29超級堡壘轟炸機對日本本土實施戰略轟炸的基地,包括原子彈轟炸廣島及長崎。
帛琉群島戰役
與此同時,為了保障美軍攻擊在菲律賓日軍時的側翼安全,1944年9月美國海軍陸戰隊和美國陸軍在帛琉的貝里琉及安加爾實施登陸,在貝里琉經過激烈的戰鬥後,該島在1944年11月終於被美軍佔領。
總結
經過了在馬里亞納群島及帛琉的登陸戰役後,盟軍繼而成功地在1944年10月於菲律賓群島和1945年1月在硫磺島及琉球群島實施登陸
參考文献
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