维基百科

Rev响应元件

人類免疫缺乏病毒的Rev响应元件（英語：Rev response element，RRE）是一个高度结构化的长约350核苷酸的RNA片段，位于病毒基因Env的蛋白编码区内部。在HIV-1的辅助蛋白Rev存在的情况下，带有RRE的HIV-1mRNA会从细胞核输出到細胞質中，参与进一步的翻译与病毒包装[1][2]。

RRE在HIV-1基因组中的位置：位于Env基因内部

在人類免疫缺乏病毒中的功能

 
HIV-1 RNA的出核过程：在早期（图上部）转录产生的9kb RNA会剪切为 2kb RNA再运输出核。其中一个2kb RNA会翻译为 Rev 蛋白，再重新输入回核内。在晚期（图下部） Rev 蛋白会结合在新转录生成 9kb RNA或剪切出的4kb RNA的 RRE区域上，并帮助其输出到细胞质。这些RNA会翻译为HIV的晚期蛋白质，其中9kb RNA会包装为新的病毒。

早期

HIV-1病毒基因组包括单个启动子和多个开放阅读框，并可以通过前mRNA的可变剪切编码15种蛋白质[3]。整合到宿主基因组中的HIV-1原病毒会转录一个长9kb 的前mRNA（pre-mRNA）带有多个剪切位点和核滞留信号。在病毒循环的早期，这一前mRNA会完全剪切为不带Rev响应元件的2kb片段。这些片段能通过标准的mRNA出核途径运出细胞核进入细胞质[4]（见右图上部），这些2kb小mRNA中的一个能编码HIV-1的Rev蛋白，Rev蛋白再通过其核定位信号再进入细胞核。这一期也被称为病毒循环的Rev/RRE不依赖期[2]。

晚期

在病毒循环的晚期，Rev 蛋白会进入细胞核并结合在新转录生成 9kb 病毒RNA（未经剪接）或4kb RNA（经过剪接）的 RRE区域上（见右图下部），并帮助其输出到细胞质。这些RNA会翻译为HIV的晚期蛋白质，其中9kb RNA会包装为新的病毒。

参考文献

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  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Pollard, Victoria W.; Malim, Michael H. The Hiv-1 Rev Protein. Annual Review of Microbiology. 1998, 52: 491–532. PMID 9891806. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.491. 
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  4. ^ Cullen, Bryan R. Human immunodeficiency virus: Nuclear RNA export unwound. Nature. 2005, 433 (7021): 26–7. PMID 15635396. doi:10.1038/433026a. 

延伸阅读

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外部链接

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