美国方式 (组织)
美国方式 (英语:People For the American Way , PFAW[ /'pfɑː/]),是美国的进步派倡议团体。[4] 1981年,美国方式,以501(c)(4)组织,由电视制片人诺曼·利尔[5]注册。诺曼自称“自由主义者”[6] 。该组织旨在对抗基督教保守右派的倡议。
People For the American Way | |
成立时间 | 1980年9月4日[1] |
---|---|
创始人 | 诺曼·利尔 |
类型 | 利益团体 |
52-1366721[1] | |
法律地位 | 501(c)(4) 社会福利组织[1] |
总部 | 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 |
地址 | |
服务地区 | 美国 |
隶属 |
|
主席 | Lara Bergthold[2] |
执行长 | Svante Myrick |
收入(2014) | $5,768,692[1] |
支出(2014) | $5,690,909[1] |
捐款 | 9,294,654 美元 (2022年) |
员工数 (2014) | 61[1] |
目标 | 美国进步主义与美国自由主义倡议 |
网站 | www YouTube频道 |
历史
诺曼·利尔创立美国方式,对抗美国以基督教右派为主的主流道德倡议。[7] 1980年9月4日,正式成立。 联合创始人包括民主党议员芭芭拉·乔丹和时代公司的安德鲁·海斯克尔。[8] 美国方式,最初是潮汐基金会的计划[9],由赞助者指定用途的基金。 [10]
美国方式的历届主席包括 Arthur Kropp、 [11] 托尼·波德斯塔 [12]和Ralph Neas 。 [13]
成立后不久,美国方式成立了附属的501(c)(3)组织,即美国方式基金会,以为自由主义开展更广泛的教育和研究活动。[14] 此外,以政治行动委员会的方式,成立美国方式选举联盟。 [15]
活动
美国方式积极参与司法提名的斗争,反对美国最高法院提名人博克和布雷特·卡瓦诺,支持索尼娅·索托马约尔。[5][16] 美国方式也积极参与联邦选举,于2014年及2016年选举中反对共和党候选人[17][18]。
右翼观察
美国方式的《右翼观察》(Right Wing Watch)是网站关注仇恨言论和右翼阴谋论的网站,将该团体标记为右翼的公众人物的言论进行分类,包括政治家、教士等人。[19][20] 《右翼观察》成立于2007年,改变早期从帕特·罗伯逊的700俱乐部等电视节目中录制VHS分发给媒体的做法。 [21] 2013年,牧师及政治家Gordon Klingenschmitt,以版权主张为由,向YouTube要求针对《右翼观察》的DMCA删除通知。 在该事件中,电子前哨基金会为《右翼观察》提供了法律支援。 [22]
2014 年,在《右翼观察》制作针对Jason 和 David Benham的报导后,HGTV退出了与Benham共同制作电视剧的计划。[23][24]
2018 年, 根据Salon.com和《每日电讯报》,《右翼观察》研究员Jared Holt促成亚历克斯·琼斯的《资讯战》内容在多个平台上移除(包括苹果公司、YouTube、 Facebook和Spotify )。 [25][26] 之后,Jared Holt称收到了死亡威胁。 [27]
2021年6月,《右翼观察》的YouTube频道遭YouTube暂时停用。YouTube称停用是个意外。 [19][20]
资金
美国方式的主要赞助者包括索罗斯的开放社会基金会[28]、Miriam G. & Ira D. Wallach Foundation、the Bauman Family Foundation,以及Evelyn and Walter Haas Jr. Fund。 [29]
参考
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "People for the American Way[永久失效链接]". District of Columbia Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs. Government of the District of Columbia; accessed May 7, 2016.
- ^ "Board of Directors 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2015-03-15.". People for the American Way. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- ^ "Staff 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2016-05-15.". People for the American Way. Accessed on May 7, 2016.
- ^ Lasley, Thomas J. II. Encyclopedia of Educational Reform and Dissent. SAGE. 2010: 212 [11 August 2018]. ISBN 9781412956642. (原始内容存档于20 January 2023) (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Day, Patrick Kevin. Norman Lear Celebrates 30 Years of People For the American Way. The Hollywood Reporter. October 7, 2011 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于January 25, 2021).
- ^ Yingling, Jennifer. At 89, Norman Lear still pushing for the 'American Way'. TheHill. 2011-10-11 [2020-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-22) (英语).
- ^ Reeves, Richard. What is the American Way of Life?. Real Clear Politics. May 13, 2009 [May 7, 2015]. (原始内容存档于May 18, 2015).
- Djupe, Paul; Olson, Laura. Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics. Infobase Publishing. 2014: 287. ISBN 9781438130200. - ^ Evans, Will. McCain, GOP Senators Challenged On Pay Equity For Women. NPR. September 30, 2008 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于June 3, 2020).
- ^ 1976–2001: 25 Years of Working Toward Positive Social Change 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2016-10-20.. Tides Foundation, 2001. p. 8. Retrieved August 26, 2016. "[Timeline, 1980] ... Norman Lear and others launch a Tides project: People for the American Way".
- ^ History. Tides. [May 7, 2015]. (原始内容存档于May 4, 2015). See also, Hewat, N. Campaigning for Educational Policy Reform: An Ecological Analysis of a 'People for the American Way' Grassroots Organizing Phenomenon, doctoral dissertation, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1986.
- ^ Arthur Kropp; President of People for the American Way. Los Angeles Times. June 19, 1995 [2022-07-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-07).
- ^ Miles, Sara. Do YOU Know Tony Podesta?. Wired. [6 May 2015]. (原始内容存档于18 May 2015).
- ^ People for the American Way President Ralph Neas Discusses Opposition to Ashcroft for Attorney General. CNN. January 16, 2001 [May 6, 2015]. (原始内容存档于May 24, 2015).
- ^ Glanz, James. Survey Finds Support Is Strong For Teaching 2 Origin Theories. The New York Times. March 11, 2000.
- ^ Goodstein, Laurie (November 5, 1998). "The 1998 Elections: Congress – The Right; Religious Conservatives, Stung by Vote Losses, Blame G.O.P. for Focusing on Clinton 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2018-01-31.". The New York Times. nytimes.com. Retrieved November 2, 2018. The article characterizes PFAW's Voters Alliance as its "new political action committee".
- ^ President Trump's conservative court shift may slow down as liberal judges avoid retirement. USA Today. November 19, 2018 [April 23, 2019]. (原始内容存档于April 13, 2019).
- ^ People For The American Way. OpenSecrets. [2015-05-07]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24).
- ^ People for the American Way Outside Spending. OpenSecrets. [2018-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-20).
- ^ 19.0 19.1 YouTube reinstates channel devoted to exposing conservative extremism. NBC News. [2022-07-06]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-26) (英语).
- ^ 20.0 20.1 Baragona, Justin. YouTube Bans and Then Unbans Right Wing Watch, a Media Watchdog Devoted to Exposing Right-Wing Conspiracies. The Daily Beast. 2021-06-28 [2021-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-28) (英语).
- ^ Keegan, Michael. Right Wing Watch: 10 Years Of Fighting The Right... With Their Own Words. HuffPost. 11 October 2016 [1 October 2018]. (原始内容存档于2 September 2017).
- ^ Attempt to Silence the Political Speech at Right Wing Watch. Electronic Frontier Foundation. December 8, 2013 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于December 20, 2020).
- ^ HGTV Drops Benham Brothers' 'Flip It Forward' After Anti-Gay Views Are Unearthed. HuffPost. May 8, 2014 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于December 9, 2020).
- ^ France, Lisa Respers. Benham brothers lose HGTV show after 'anti-gay' remarks. CNN. May 9, 2014 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于January 25, 2021).
- ^ Marcotte, Amanda. Meet Jared Holt, the guy who's getting Alex Jones kicked off the internet. Salon. August 8, 2018 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于February 1, 2021).
- ^ Bernal, Natasha. The man who sparked the revolt against Infowars and Alex Jones with a single tweet. The Daily Telegraph. August 10, 2018 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于October 2, 2018).
- ^ Bonn, Tess. Researcher who helped kick Infowars's Alex Jones off Spotify received death threats. The Hill. August 9, 2018 [February 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于November 9, 2020).
- ^ Open Society Foundations (OSF). www.influencewatch.org. [2020-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-04) (美国英语).
- ^ Evans, Will. McCain, GOP Senators Challenged On Pay Equity For Women. NPR.org. 30 September 2008 [2020-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-03) (英语).