File:The Smiths (1984 Sire publicity photo) 002.jpg

原始文件 (1,024 × 800像素,文件大小:154 KB,MIME类型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述
English: The Smiths in a promotional photograph for their debut album The Smiths, circa 1984. From left to right; Andy Rourke, Morrissey, Johnny Marr, and Mike Joyce. This photo was also issued later to promote their 1985 album Meat Is Murder.
日期
来源 991.com No copyright markings visible with photo.
Higher resolution photo scan here.
作者 Paul Cox; Distributed by Sire Records
授权
(二次使用本文件)

No permission is required for the following reasons:

  1. A search was conducted through the U.S. Copyright Office public catalog, and there is NO record that this was subsequently registered within 5 years of publication. As such, the opportunity for copyright protection on the photo was forfeited and it entered the public domain.
  2. The source images linked above are mechanical scans of the underlying public domain work. These scans are faithful reproductions of the photograph that do not meet the threshold of originality necessary to assert a copyright interest.
    English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

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The Smiths, circa 1984. From left to right; Andy Rourke, Morrissey, Johnny Marr, and Mike Joyce.

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当前2023年3月6日 (一) 04:442023年3月6日 (一) 04:44版本的缩略图1,024 × 800(154 KB)PascalHDCropped 24 % vertically using CropTool with precise mode.
2023年3月6日 (一) 04:432023年3月6日 (一) 04:43版本的缩略图1,024 × 1,046(200 KB)PascalHDhq
2023年3月6日 (一) 04:392023年3月6日 (一) 04:39版本的缩略图500 × 622(28 KB)PascalHDUploaded a work by Sire Records from https://991.com/Buy/ProductInformation.aspx?StockNumber=66423 with UploadWizard

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