帮助:塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语国际音标

下列图表展示了国际音标(IPA)在维基百科条目中表示塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语(涵盖塞尔维亚语克罗地亚语波斯尼亚语蒙特内哥罗语)发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南,请参见{{IPA-sh}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes

以下拉丁字母示例采用耶卡夫发音塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语Ijekavski izgovor,而西里尔字母示例采用埃卡夫发音塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语Ekavski izgovor。请参阅塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语音系英语Serbo-Croatian phonology以更全面地了解塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语的发音。

辅音
IPA 示例 英语中的近似发音
拉丁字母 西里尔字母
b bob боб bob
d dan дан doom
đak[1] ђак jeep (龈腭音)
ep[1][2] џeп just
f film филм film
ɡ gore горе gorgeous
j ja ја yaw
k kola кола score
l Luka Лука fill
ʎ bilje биље million
m more море more
ɱ informacija информација comfort
n ne не no
ŋ banka банка bank
ɲ konj коњ canyon
p pet пет space
r robot робот 颤音r,同西班牙语
s stol стол stole
ʃ šuma[2] шума shell
t tata тата star
ćup[1] ћуп cheap (龈腭音)
ts ribica рибица shorts
čekić[1][2] чекић choose
v voda[3] вода 介于 vet 和 wet 之间
x hir хир 苏格兰英语 loch
z zima зима zoo
ʒ žaba[2] жаба treasure
元音
IPA 示例 英语中的近似发音
拉丁字母 西里尔字母
a rad рад father
e let лет let
i list лист least
o more море more
u trup труп tool
bicikl бицикл little
njutn њутн burden
vrba врба US verb, but trilled
声调母音长度
声调符号通常不写,但在词典中会标示[4]
IPA 示例 解释
拉丁字母 西里尔字母
e sezóna сезо́на 无声调短元音
ùzēti у̀зе̄ти 无声调长元音[5]
ě djèca дјѐца 升调短元音
ěː kréda кре́да 升调长元音
ê sjȅme сјȅме 降调短元音
êː rȇp рȇп 降调长元音

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Many speakers in Croatia and some in Bosnia make no distinction between /tɕ/ and /tʃ/ (ć and č) or between /dʑ/ and /dʒ/ (đ and ); among such speakers, these are pronounced [tʃ] and [dʒ] respectively.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/ are sometimes transcribed as [ʂ], [], [ʐ] and [], respectively. The fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ may be realized [ɕ] or [ʑ] before /tɕ/ or /dʑ/.
  3. ^ /v/ does not behave as a fricative in that it does not devoice to [f] before a voiceless consonant, nor does it cause preceding voiceless consonants to become voiced.
  4. ^ Some articles may use the stress mark, [ˈe], which could correspond to either of the tonic accents (rising or falling) and so they are not a complete transcription, although many speakers in Croatia have no tone distinctions.
  5. ^ Many speakers in Croatia and Serbia pronounce most unstressed long vowels as short.

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