體內受精
體內受精(英語:Internal fertilization)是指女性體內有性生殖過程中卵子和精子細胞的結合。體內受精不同於體外受精,給雌性帶來更多的生殖控制[1]。在這種受精形式下,精子可利用在液體中運動的能力,游向卵子並與其結合。進行體內受精的動物包括哺乳類,爬蟲類,鳥類。
大多數通過體內受精繁殖的分類群是雌雄異體的[2]:124-125。當前在哺乳動物、爬行動物和某些其他動物群體中,這是通過交配來實現的,即將一個侵入式器引入陰道或泄殖腔[3][4]。大多數鳥類使用泄殖腔吻,兩隻動物在傳遞精子時將泄殖腔壓在一起.[5]。
體內受精的方式
參見
- ^ Alonzo SH, Stiver KA, Marsh-Rollo SE. Ovarian fluid allows directional cryptic female choice despite external fertilization. Nature Communications. August 2016, 7 (1): 12452. Bibcode:2016NatCo...712452A. PMC 4990696 . PMID 27529581. doi:10.1038/ncomms12452.
- ^ Leonard, Janet; Cordoba-Aguilar, Alex. The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals. Oxford University Press. 2010-07-16 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-19-971703-3. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-09) (英語).
- ^ Hyman LH. Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. 1992-09-15 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-18).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Austin, Colin R. "Evolution of the copulatory apparatus (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)." Italian Journal of Zoology 51.1-2 (1984): 249-269.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. 1977: 396–399. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
- ^ Reichard, U.H. Monogamy—A variable relationship (PDF). Max Planck Research. 2002, 3: 62–7 [2013-04-24]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-05-14).
- ^ Lipton, Judith Eve; Barash, David P. The Myth of Monogamy: Fidelity and Infidelity in Animals and People. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. 2001. ISBN 0-7167-4004-4.
- ^ Research conducted by Patricia Adair Gowaty. Reported by Morell, V. Evolution of sex: A new look at monogamy. Science. 1998, 281 (5385): 1982–1983. PMID 9767050. doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.1982.
- ^ Diamond, Jared. The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee. Radius. 1991: 360 pages [2018-02-06]. ISBN 0091742684. (原始內容存檔於2015-09-05).
- ^ Nina Wedell; Tom Tregenza; Leigh W. Simmons, Nuptial gifts fail to resolve a sexual conflict in an insect, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2008, 8: 204, PMC 2491630 , PMID 18627603, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-204
- ^ Peter D. Sozou; Robert M. Seymour, Costly but worthless gifts facilitate courtship, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2005, 272 (1575): 1877–1884, PMC 1559891 , PMID 16191592, doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3152