肿瘤微环境
肿瘤微环境（英語：Tumor microenvironment）是指肿瘤细胞存在的周围微环境，包括周围的血管、免疫细胞、成纤维细胞、骨髓源性炎性细胞、各种信号分子和细胞外基质（ECM）。[1][2][3]
肿瘤和周围环境密切相关，不断进行交互作用，肿瘤可以通过释放细胞信号分子影响其微环境环境，促进肿瘤的血管生成和诱导免疫耐受，而微环境中的免疫细胞可影响癌细胞增长和发育。[4] 腫瘤微環境中常見的免疫細胞特性包含以下三者[5]：(1)具細胞毒殺功能的自然殺手細胞、細胞毒性T細胞數量減少；(2)具免疫抑制功能的骨髓來源的抑制性細胞(Myeloid-derived suppressor cell, MDSC)及調節T細胞數量增加[6]；(3)巨噬細胞及嗜中性球分別由具促發炎能力的M1及N1表型，轉變為具抑制免疫反應而能促進腫瘤生長的M2及N2表型[7]
肿瘤微环境有助于肿瘤异质性的形成。
参考文献
- ^ NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. [2018-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-09）.
- ^ Joyce, Johanna A.; Fearon, Douglas T. T cell exclusion, immune privilege, and the tumor microenvironment. Science Magazine: 74–80. 3 April 2015 [2015-06-25]. doi:10.1126/science.aaa6204. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
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- ^ Korneev, KV; Atretkhany, KN; Drutskaya, MS; Grivennikov, SI; Kuprash, DV; Nedospasov, SA. TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis.. Cytokine. January 2017, 89: 127–135. PMID 26854213. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021.
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- ^ Vinay, D. S.; Ryan, E. P.; Pawelec, G; Talib, W. H.; Stagg, J.; Elkord, E.; Kwon, B. S. Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies.. Seminars in Cancer Biology. December 2015,. 35(Suppl): S185–S198 [2020-12-21]. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004. （原始内容存档于2020-11-12）.
- ^ Mareike; Möller, Sonja; Laskay, Tamás. An Attempt to Polarize Human Neutrophils Toward N1 and N2 Phenotypes in vitro.. Frontiers in Immunology. April 2020 [2020-12-21]. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00532. （原始内容存档于2020-09-03）.