腫瘤微環境
腫瘤微環境（英語：Tumor microenvironment）是指腫瘤細胞存在的周圍微環境，包括周圍的血管、免疫細胞、成纖維細胞、骨髓源性炎性細胞、各種信號分子和細胞外基質（ECM）。[1][2][3]
腫瘤和周圍環境密切相關，不斷進行交互作用，腫瘤可以通過釋放細胞信號分子影響其微環境環境，促進腫瘤的血管生成和誘導免疫耐受，而微環境中的免疫細胞可影響癌細胞增長和發育。[4] 腫瘤微環境中常見的免疫細胞特性包含以下三者[5]：(1)具細胞毒殺功能的自然殺手細胞、細胞毒性T細胞數量減少；(2)具免疫抑制功能的骨髓來源的抑制性細胞(Myeloid-derived suppressor cell, MDSC)及調節T細胞數量增加[6]；(3)巨噬細胞及嗜中性球分別由具促發炎能力的M1及N1表型，轉變為具抑制免疫反應而能促進腫瘤生長的M2及N2表型[7]
腫瘤微環境有助於腫瘤異質性的形成。
參考文獻
- ^ NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. [2018-05-25]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-09）.
- ^ Joyce, Johanna A.; Fearon, Douglas T. T cell exclusion, immune privilege, and the tumor microenvironment. Science Magazine: 74–80. 3 April 2015 [2015-06-25]. doi:10.1126/science.aaa6204. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.
|volume=被忽略 (幫助);|issue=被忽略 (幫助) - ^ Spill, F.; Reynolds, D.S.; Kamm, R.D.; Zaman, M.H. Impact of the physical microenvironment on tumor progression and metastasis. Current Opinion in Biotechnology: 41–48. [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.007. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-30）.
- ^ Korneev, KV; Atretkhany, KN; Drutskaya, MS; Grivennikov, SI; Kuprash, DV; Nedospasov, SA. TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis.. Cytokine. January 2017, 89: 127–135. PMID 26854213. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021.
- ^ Calvani, M; Bruno, G; Dal Monte, M. β3‐Adrenoceptor as a potential immuno‐suppressor agent in melanoma.. Br J Pharmacol. March 2019, 176: 2509–2524. doi:10.1111/bph.14660.
- ^ Vinay, D. S.; Ryan, E. P.; Pawelec, G; Talib, W. H.; Stagg, J.; Elkord, E.; Kwon, B. S. Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies.. Seminars in Cancer Biology. December 2015,. 35(Suppl): S185–S198 [2020-12-21]. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.
- ^ Mareike; Möller, Sonja; Laskay, Tamás. An Attempt to Polarize Human Neutrophils Toward N1 and N2 Phenotypes in vitro.. Frontiers in Immunology. April 2020 [2020-12-21]. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00532. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-03）.