SRY基因

SRY基因（sex-determining region of Y-chromosome，全称：Y染色体性别决定区），又名睪丸決定因子，（英語：Testis-determining factor，簡稱TDF）是人体Y染色体上的一段基因片段，该基因是决定男性睾丸发育的主要基因。存在于Y染色体的短臂末端上。

SRY基因
已知的結構 PDB 直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB PDBID列表 1HRY、​1HRZ、​1J46、​1J47、​2GZK
識別號
别名	SRY；, SRXX1, SRXY1, TDF, TDY, Testis determining factor, sex determining region Y, Sex-determining region of Y-chromosome, Sex-determining region Y
外部ID	OMIM：480000 MGI：98660 HomoloGene：48168 GeneCards：SRY
基因位置（人类） 染色体 Y染色體 基因座 Yp11.2 起始 2,786,855 bp 终止 2,787,682 bp
基因位置（小鼠） 染色体 小鼠Y染色体 基因座 Y|Ypter 起始 2,662,471 bp 终止 2,663,658 bp
RNA表达模式
查阅更多表达数据
基因本體 分子功能 • DNA结合转录因子活性 • 转录因子结合 • calmodulin binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding • DNA结合 • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • 血浆蛋白结合 • DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific 細胞組分 • 細胞質 • nuclear speck • 核质 • 细胞核 生物學過程 • 细胞分化 • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • sex differentiation • transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of male gonad development • male sex determination • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • central nervous system development • positive regulation of gene expression • neuron differentiation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	6736	21674
Ensembl	ENSG00000184895	ENSMUSG00000069036
UniProt	Q05066	Q05738
mRNA​序列	NM_003140	NM_011564
蛋白序列	NP_003131	NP_035694
基因位置​（UCSC）	Chr Y: 2.79 – 2.79 Mb	Chr Y: 2.66 – 2.66 Mb
PubMed​查找
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類 檢視/編輯小鼠

该基因由Sinclair在1990年发现。

有些人宣稱，SRY基因就是唯一一个性别决定基因，因此可以通过寻找该基因片段，达到判断测试者的性别的目的，若样本中存在该基因表示受试者是男性，否則为女性。然而一篇有一千六百餘名科學家簽名的聲明（包括700 名生物學者、100名遺傳學者、9名諾貝爾獎得主）指出：目前不存在任何方式可以準確地判斷生理性別，且即使有辦法判斷，也不應該因此限制人們追求不同的自我認同。

功能

簡單來說，在懷孕期間，分佈於生殖嵴上的原基性腺的雙功能細胞同時具備分化成男性腺細胞或者女性腺細胞的能力。而睪丸決定因子就會啟動男性專用的轉錄因子，令這些細胞開始分裂，並分化成為睪丸。 TDF會上調表達SOX9這個具有同TDF相近的DNA結合位的轉錄因子。SOX9會上調成纖維細胞生長因子9，而成纖維細胞生長因子9反過來上調SOX9。这样，SOX9最終上升到合適的濃度，於是性腺上的雙功能細胞就會開始分化成塞爾托利氏細胞。另外，有表達TDF的細胞持續生長去形成原基睪丸。

相關條目

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延伸阅读

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• Jäger RJ, Anvret M, Hall K, Scherer G. A human XY female with a frame shift mutation in the candidate testis-determining gene SRY. Nature. November 1990, 348 (6300): 452–4. Bibcode:1990Natur.348..452J. PMID 2247151. doi:10.1038/348452a0. 
• Ellis NA, Goodfellow PJ, Pym B, Smith M, Palmer M, Frischauf AM, Goodfellow PN. The pseudoautosomal boundary in man is defined by an Alu repeat sequence inserted on the Y chromosome. Nature. January 1989, 337 (6202): 81–4. Bibcode:1989Natur.337...81E. PMID 2909893. doi:10.1038/337081a0. 
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