SRY基因

SRY基因（sex-determining region of Y-chromosome，全称：Y染色体性别决定区），又名睾丸决定因子，（英语：Testis-determining factor，简称TDF）是人体Y染色体上的一段基因片段，该基因是决定男性睾丸发育的主要基因。存在于Y染色体的短臂末端上。

SRY基因
已知的结构 PDB 直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB PDBID列表 1HRY、​1HRZ、​1J46、​1J47、​2GZK
识别号
别名	SRY；, SRXX1, SRXY1, TDF, TDY, Testis determining factor, sex determining region Y, Sex-determining region of Y-chromosome, Sex-determining region Y
外部ID	OMIM：480000 MGI：98660 HomoloGene：48168 GeneCards：SRY
基因位置（人类） 染色体 Y染色体 基因座 Yp11.2 起始 2,786,855 bp 终止 2,787,682 bp
基因位置（小鼠） 染色体 小鼠Y染色体 基因座 Y|Ypter 起始 2,662,471 bp 终止 2,663,658 bp
RNA表达模式
查阅更多表达数据
基因本体 分子功能 • DNA结合转录因子活性 • 转录因子结合 • calmodulin binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding • DNA结合 • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • 血浆蛋白结合 • DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific 细胞组分 • 细胞质 • nuclear speck • 核质 • 细胞核 生物学过程 • 细胞分化 • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • sex differentiation • transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of male gonad development • male sex determination • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • central nervous system development • positive regulation of gene expression • neuron differentiation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	6736	21674
Ensembl	ENSG00000184895	ENSMUSG00000069036
UniProt	Q05066	Q05738
mRNA​序列	NM_003140	NM_011564
蛋白序列	NP_003131	NP_035694
基因位置​（UCSC）	Chr Y: 2.79 – 2.79 Mb	Chr Y: 2.66 – 2.66 Mb
PubMed​查找
维基数据
查看/编辑人类 查看/编辑小鼠

该基因由Sinclair在1990年发现。

有些人宣称，SRY基因就是唯一一个性别决定基因，因此可以通过寻找该基因片段，达到判断测试者的性别的目的，若样本中存在该基因表示受试者是男性，否则为女性。然而一篇有一千六百馀名科学家签名的声明（包括700 名生物学者、100名遗传学者、9名诺贝尔奖得主）指出：目前不存在任何方式可以准确地判断生理性别，且即使有办法判断，也不应该因此限制人们追求不同的自我认同。

功能

简单来说，在怀孕期间，分布于生殖嵴上的原基性腺的双功能细胞同时具备分化成男性腺细胞或者女性腺细胞的能力。而睾丸决定因子就会启动男性专用的转录因子，令这些细胞开始分裂，并分化成为睾丸。 TDF会上调表达SOX9这个具有同TDF相近的DNA结合位的转录因子。SOX9会上调成纤维细胞生长因子9，而成纤维细胞生长因子9反过来上调SOX9。这样，SOX9最终上升到合适的浓度，于是性腺上的双功能细胞就会开始分化成塞尔托利氏细胞。另外，有表达TDF的细胞持续生长去形成原基睾丸。

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延伸阅读

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