XB-19轟炸機

外部视频链接
外部视频链接
	<img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> Film of the first test flight on 27 June 1941
	<img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> Newsreel of the interior of the airplane

Douglas XB-19
Douglas XB-19
概觀
類型	重型轟炸機
乘員	16名戰鬥人員，還有2名飛行機械師和6名救援人員
首飛	1941年6月27日
退役	1946年8月17日
生產	道格拉斯飛行器公司
產量	1架
現況	已退役，報廢
主要用戶	美國陸軍航空軍
技术数据
長度	132ft4in(40.34m)
翼展	212ft0in(64.62m)
高度	42ft0in(12.80m)
翼面積	4,285sq ft(398.1m²)
空重	86,000lb(39,009kg)
正常起飛重量	140,000lb(63,503kg)
最大起飛重量	162,000lb(73,482kg)
發動機	4具萊特R-3350-5 Duplex旋風（英语：Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone）18缸風冷徑向活塞發動機
推力	每具2,000hp(1,500kW)
性能數據
最大速度	224mph(360km/h,195kn)
巡航速度	135mph(217km/h,117kn)
爬升率	650ft/min(3.3m/s)
最大升限	23,000ft(7,000m)
最大航程	5,200mi(8,400km,4,500nmi)
武器装备
機槍	5挺0.5in(12.70mm)白朗寧M2重機槍; 6挺0.3in(7.62mm)白朗寧M1919中型機槍
機炮	2挺37mm(1.457in)M4機炮（英语：M4 autocannon）
炸彈	內部搭載:18,700lb(8,500kg)，總搭載:37,100lb(16,800kg)

Douglas XB-19是一款由道格拉斯飛行器公司在19世紀40年代初為美國陸軍航空軍製造的四發活塞驅動重型轟炸機。該設計最初被命名為XBLR-2（XBLR 表示「遠程實驗轟炸機」）。該機在1946年之前為美國空軍最大的轟炸機，而後被B-36和平締造者轟炸機超越。

發展

位於戴維斯-蒙森空軍基地準備報廢的XB-19A

XB-19計畫旨在測試巨型轟炸機的飛行特性和設計技術。儘管技術的進步使得XB-19在完成之前就已經過時了，但美國陸軍航空兵團相信該原型機對於測試很有用，儘管道格拉斯飛機公司希望取消這個昂貴的項目。^[a]該機建造了很長時間，以至於完工時甚至只在XB-35和XB-36競爭合約發生前兩個月。

該機於1941年6月27日首飛，距建造合約已三年多。1942年1月至11月期間，其基地位於萊特機場（英语：Wilbur Wright Field）。^[3]^[b]1943年，費希博德（英语：Fisher Body）的飛機部門將萊特R-3350發動機（英语：Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone）更換為液冷式W24艾里遜V-3420-11（英语：Allison V-3420），以支援XB-39專案。^[5]^[6]作為該計劃的一部分，它配備了發動機驅動的動力輔助裝置。^[7]^[8] 完成測試後，XB-19被改裝為貨機，但改裝並未完成，飛機於 1946年8月17日進行最後一次飛行。最終於1949年6月在圖森報廢。^[9]^[10]

美國空軍曾計劃保存B-19以供展示，但1949年空軍並沒有保存退役飛機的計劃，空軍博物館也尚未建成。^[11]^[12] B-19因此被報廢，但它的兩個巨大的主輪胎保存了下來。^[c]一個在猶他州奧格登希爾空軍基地的希爾航空航天博物館（英语：Hill Air Force Base）展出，另一個在位於俄亥俄州代頓的美國空軍國家博物館。^[14]

參考

3-view line drawing of the Douglas XB-19

註腳

^ The cost of the aircraft was estimated at $3,250,000 in 1941.^[2]
^ While there, it took part in tests to measure noise levels inside aircraft.^[4]
^ The tires measured 96 inches in diameter.^[13]

註記

^ Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. 1988: 307–312. ISBN 0870214284.
^ The Job of Air Corps Test Pilots, Air Corps Newsletter, 1941-07-01: 23 [2021-01-09]
^ Final Report: Investigation of Concrete Pavements on Different Subgrades (报告). Ohio River Division Laboratories: 7. January 1946 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-24）.
^ Beranek, Leo L.; Nichols, Rudolph H.; Rudmose, H. Wayne; Sleeper, Harvey P.; Wallace, Robert L.; Ericson, Harold L. Principles of Sound Control in Airplanes (报告). Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee: 68. 1944 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-23）.
^ Aircraft Program Operating Report, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation: 59, [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2024-01-14）
^ McSurely, Alexander. Data on XB-19 Installations Aid Army's Big Plane Program. Aviation News. Vol. 2 no. 22. 1944-12-25: 9–10 [2022-02-15].
^ Exner, D. W., Parallel Operation of Airplane Alternators, Technical Data Digest 10 (1) (Technical Data Library, Engineering Division), January 1944, 10 (1): 33–34 [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2023-12-07）
^ Miner, J. D. High Frequency A.C. "Ups" Motor Performance. Aviation. Vol. 43 no. 9. September 1944: 126–127 [2022-02-15].
^ Kaplan, Philip. Big Wings: The Largest Aircraft Ever Built. Pen & Sword Aviation. 2005. ISBN 978-1844151783.
^ Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes of the 20th Century: A Comprehensive Reference. Reno, Nevada: Jack Bacon & Company. 2004. ISBN 0-930083-17-2.
^ B-19 Arrives to Join Collection. Arizona Daily Star. 1946-08-18: 15 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-02）.
^ Air Force's First Giant Bomber, XB-19, Now Being Demolished, Technical Data Digest 14 (16) (Central Air Documents Office, Navy–Air Force), 1949-08-15, 14 (16): 8 [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2023-12-07）
^ Development of Retractable Landing Gear: They Tuck Themselves Away, Air Forces News Letter 24 (15) (Headquarters, Army Air Forces), September 1941, 24 (15): 15 [2022-02-15]
^ XB-19 Main Landing Gear Wheel & Tire. National Museum of the United States Air Force. [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-02）.

Boone, Andrew R. Uncle Sam Builds a Europe-and-Back Warplane. Popular Science. Vol. 137 no. 6. December 1940: 56–59 [2022-02-15].
Dedication of the New XB-19 Bomber, Air Corps News Letter 24 (10) (Intelligence Division, Air Corps), 1941-05-15, 24 (10): 1–2 [2022-02-15]
Lynn, Bert D., What Became of the B-19?, Douglas Airvew 12 (3), March 1945, 12 (3): 8–9, 28 [2022-02-15]
Man-O'-War with Wings. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 76 no. 1. July 1941: 8–11, 191 [2022-02-15].
McLarren, Robert. The World's Biggest Bomber. Model Airplane News. Vol. 23 no. 5. November 1940: 14–15, 60–62 [2022-02-15].
Monster Warbird B-19 Tries Out Its Wings. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 76 no. 3. September 1941: 27 [2022-02-15].
The Development of the Heavy Bomber, 1918–1944 (PDF), US Air Force Historical Studies, Historical Division, Air University: 87–88, 1951 [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-12-18）
The Douglas B-19. Flight. 1941-06-19 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-27）.
The World's Biggest Bomber. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 74 no. 6. December 1940: 814–815 [2022-02-15].

外部連結

Encyclopedia of American aircraft （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[3] The cost of the aircraft was estimated at $3,250,000 in 1941.^[2]

[6] While there, it took part in tests to measure noise levels inside aircraft.^[4]

[16] The tires measured 96 inches in diameter.^[13]

[Francillon-1] Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. 1988: 307–312. ISBN 0870214284.

[2] The Job of Air Corps Test Pilots, Air Corps Newsletter, 1941-07-01: 23 [2021-01-09]

[4] Final Report: Investigation of Concrete Pavements on Different Subgrades (报告). Ohio River Division Laboratories: 7. January 1946 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-24）.

[5] Beranek, Leo L.; Nichols, Rudolph H.; Rudmose, H. Wayne; Sleeper, Harvey P.; Wallace, Robert L.; Ericson, Harold L. Principles of Sound Control in Airplanes (报告). Office of Scientific Research and Development, National Defense Research Committee: 68. 1944 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-23）.

[7] Aircraft Program Operating Report, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation: 59, [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2024-01-14）

[8] McSurely, Alexander. Data on XB-19 Installations Aid Army's Big Plane Program. Aviation News. Vol. 2 no. 22. 1944-12-25: 9–10 [2022-02-15].

[9] Exner, D. W., Parallel Operation of Airplane Alternators, Technical Data Digest 10 (1) (Technical Data Library, Engineering Division), January 1944, 10 (1): 33–34 [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2023-12-07）

[10] Miner, J. D. High Frequency A.C. "Ups" Motor Performance. Aviation. Vol. 43 no. 9. September 1944: 126–127 [2022-02-15].

[11] Kaplan, Philip. Big Wings: The Largest Aircraft Ever Built. Pen & Sword Aviation. 2005. ISBN 978-1844151783.

[12] Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes of the 20th Century: A Comprehensive Reference. Reno, Nevada: Jack Bacon & Company. 2004. ISBN 0-930083-17-2.

[13] B-19 Arrives to Join Collection. Arizona Daily Star. 1946-08-18: 15 [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-02）.

[14] Air Force's First Giant Bomber, XB-19, Now Being Demolished, Technical Data Digest 14 (16) (Central Air Documents Office, Navy–Air Force), 1949-08-15, 14 (16): 8 [2022-02-15], （原始内容存档于2023-12-07）

[15] Development of Retractable Landing Gear: They Tuck Themselves Away, Air Forces News Letter 24 (15) (Headquarters, Army Air Forces), September 1941, 24 (15): 15 [2022-02-15]

[17] XB-19 Main Landing Gear Wheel & Tire. National Museum of the United States Air Force. [2022-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-02）.

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外部视频链接
Film of the first test flight on 27 June 1941
Newsreel of the interior of the airplane