肖恩·帕克

美國互聯網技術企業家

肖恩·帕克(英语:Sean Parker,1979年12月3日)出生于美国弗吉尼亚州,是一名美国互联网创业家和慈善家,曾创立NapsterPlaxo英语Plaxo,是知名的社交网站Facebook的首任总裁。他也是Causes英语Causes (company)Airtime英语Airtime.comBrigade英语Brigade Media的联合创始人[3][4][5][6][7][8]。他是帕克基金会(英语:Parker Foundation)的创始人兼主席,该基金会专注于生命科学、全球公共卫生和公民参与[9]。在《福布斯》2022年全球亿万富翁榜单中,他以28亿美元的净资产排名第1096位[2]

肖恩·帕克
出生 (1979-12-03) 1979年12月3日45岁)[1]
美国弗吉尼亚州赫恩敦
教育程度奥克顿高中英语Oakton High School
尚蒂伊高中英语Chantilly High School
职业企业家
知名于Napster合作创办人,Plaxo英语Plaxo创办人,Facebook的早期参与者之一
净资产 $28亿(2022)[2]

早年生活

帕克的母亲黛安·帕克(英语:Diane Parker)是广告经纪人,父亲布鲁斯·帕克(英语:Bruce Parker)是美国政府的海洋研究科学家,也是美国国家海洋暨大气总署的首席科学家[3][4][10]。帕克七岁时,他的父亲就教他在雅达利800编程[3];也曾告诉他:“如果想要冒险,就应该在成家之前[11]。”作为一位少年黑客,帕克喜欢编程和进行黑客活动。16岁时,当他入侵某个财富500强公司的网站时,由于父亲没收了他的键盘,帕克没能成功退出网站,从而泄露了IP地址,使得联邦调查局追踪到了他。因他未满18岁,法庭只是判他为社区义务劳动[4]

教育

帕克在1994年入读了弗吉尼亚的奥克顿高中英语Oakton High School,并在两年后转学至尚蒂伊高中英语Chantilly High School,在那里完成了剩下的高中学业[12]。 那段期间,帕克写信给校董会,说服他们把自己用在电脑实验室编写程式的时间计入外语语言课[12]。因此,直到1998年毕业前,帕克把大部分时间用于编程和创办公司[12]。高中时,他曾在马克·平克斯英语Mark Pincus位于华盛顿特区的创业公司FreeLoader实习[13]。他编写的网络爬虫赢得了弗吉尼亚州计算机科学博览会的冠军,因此被CIA招募。在高中的最后一年,由于他参与的项目众多,每年可以从中赚取超过8万美元[3],足以说服父母让他放弃上大学,转而追求企业家生涯。

帕克在童年时期是个热衷于阅读的人,这成为他终身自学精神的开端[4][14] 。多家媒体报导称帕克是个天才[15][16][17][18][19]。他认为在Napster的经历是他的大学教育,并称其为“Napster大学”,因为他在那段时间学会了知识产权法、企业财务和创业知识[20]

事业

Napster

帕克15岁时,通过互联网认识了14岁的尚恩·范宁英语Shawn Fanning,两人因程式设计、理论物理和黑客技术等话题建立了联系[4][21]。几年后,帕克与当时在东北大学就读的范宁共同创立了Napster,一个免费的音乐文件共享服务。帕克筹集了最初的5万美元,并于1999年6月推出了Napster。一年内,该服务就吸引了数千万用户。Napster遭到了唱片公司、美国唱片业协会以及重金属乐队金属制品等的反对。最终,来自多个行业协会的诉讼迫使该服务关闭[22][23]。Napster被称为有史以来增长最快的企业,并被认为是革新音乐产业的力量,有些人甚至将其视为iTunes的前身[24][25][26][27][28]

Plaxo

2002年11月,帕克推出了Plaxo英语Plaxo,一个与Microsoft Outlook整合的线上通讯录和社交网络服务[29]。Plaxo是一个早期的社交网络工具,后来对LinkedInZyngaFacebook等公司的发展产生了影响[30]。Plaxo是首批在产品推出时引入病毒式行销的服务之一,这让它获得了2000万用户[31][32]。创立Plaxo两年后,帕克因与公司资方的矛盾而被红杉资本雷姆‧希里兰英语Ram Shriram驱逐,据报导,投资者还聘请了私人侦探来跟踪他[33][34]

Facebook

2004年,帕克在他就读斯坦福大学的女友的电脑上看到了名为“The Facebook”的网站[4]。帕克曾在社交网络行业有过经验,早期担任Friendster及其创始人强纳森·艾布拉姆斯英语Jonathan Abrams的顾问,并在2003年获得了少量股份[3][35]。帕克与马克·扎克伯格爱德华多·萨维林会面,几个月后加入这家成立仅五个月的公司,担任总裁[4][35]。根据彼得·提尔的说法,帕克是第一个看到公司巨大潜力的人,他还表示:“如果马克曾有过任何犹豫,肖恩就是那个让他打消疑虑的人[4]。”

作为总裁,帕克引入了彼得·提尔成为Facebook的第一位投资者[4]。在首轮融资中,他为扎克伯格争取了Facebook董事会五个席位中的三个,这使得扎克伯格能够掌控公司,并让Facebook保留作为私人公司的自由[3][4]。此外,据说帕克推动了Facebook干净的用户界面设计,并开发了照片分享功能[36][37]。扎克伯格指出:“肖恩在帮助Facebook从一个大学项目转变为真正的公司方面起到了关键作用[3]。”

2005年,在一次派对上,警方进入并搜查了帕克租用的度假屋,发现了海洛因。帕克因涉嫌持有毒品被逮捕,但未被起诉[4]。此事件导致Facebook的投资者向帕克施压,迫使他辞去总裁职位[38]。然而,辞职后,帕克仍然参与Facebook的成长,并定期与扎克伯格会面[39]。这一事件后来在电影《社交网络》中被戏剧化呈现[40]

创始人基金

在2006年帕克作为执行合伙人加入彼得·提尔的创始人基金英语Founders Fund

Causes

在2007年帕克与马克·扎克伯格在哈佛的同学共同开发Causes英语Causes (company),是Facebook上最多用户使用的非游戏应用程序。

流行文化

帕克在2010年的电影《社交网络》中由贾斯汀·提姆布莱克饰演[4]。该电影讲述了Facebook的创立及其早期的故事[41][42][43]

虽然帕克称赞了导演大卫·芬奇的才华,但许多人指出帕克本人与提姆布莱克的角色形象有很大不同[4][44][45]。Facebook前发展官查马斯·帕里哈皮蒂亚曾说帕克“实际上与电影中的形象完全相反”[3]。帕克形容电影中的角色是个“道德上令人不齿的人”,但也笑称:“被一个性感偶像饰演还真不好抱怨。”[46]此外,帕克对电影中爱德华多·萨佛林(Eduardo Saverin)离开Facebook的情节也有异议,因为这与他当年被迫离开Plaxo的经历相似[3]

2011年,帕克曾登上《吉米A咖秀》,并出现在《福布斯美国400富豪榜》封面,还接受了《浮华世界》的专访。

2020年,帕克在纪录片《智能社会:进退两难》中亮相。

相关条目

参考资料

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