2024年恩加山体滑坡事故

巴布新几内亚灾害

2024年5月24日凌晨三时左右,巴布亚新几内亚恩加省拉盖普-波尔盖拉县迈普·穆利塔卡地方政府区域英语Maip Muritaka Rural LLG扬巴利村英语Yambali周围地区发生山体滑坡。不同信息源给出的罹难人数估测差异巨大,从162人[7]到逾2000人[8]不等。

2024年恩加山体滑坡
山体滑坡处及附近区域示意图
日期2024年5月24日 (2024-05-24)
时间巴布亚新几内亚时间英语Time in Papua New GuineaUTC+10:00
约 03:00
地点 巴布亚新几内亚恩加省拉盖普-波尔盖拉县迈普·穆利塔卡地方政府区域英语Maip Muritaka Rural LLG
坐标5°22′25″S 143°21′53″E / 5.37361°S 143.36472°E / -5.37361; 143.36472
起因掘金与/或强降雨(推测)[1][2]
死亡11人确认死亡
162-2,000+人推定死亡[3][4]
受伤17
失踪2,500+[5][6]

受道路受阻、通讯基础设施损坏影响,救灾工作施展困难[9][10],最初有六名遇难者遗体被寻获,一周后,仅有11人确认死亡。另在考卡拉姆英语Kaokalam和图里帕纳(Tulipana)两个村庄,有约2,500人失踪。巴新官方已正式请求国际援助。[8]

背景

巴布亚新几内亚由于境内山地广布、热带气候降雨频繁,加之贫困问题、政府行政不善,灾难性的山体滑坡事故时有发生。2024年早先时间,由于气候变化,该国已遭遇强降雨和洪灾侵袭。[2]三月和四月的两次山体滑坡分别造成21人、14人死亡。[11]

5月18日,巴新发生MW 4.5级地震。震中位于本次山体滑坡发生地以西105公里(65英里),震源深度126.2公里(78.4英里)。一位当地居民称,该地震或是本次山体滑坡的肇因。[1]巴新红十字会英语Papua New Guinea Red Cross Society则对这一说法予以否认,其负责人表示:“这是个蕴藏金矿的地区,人们可能在(发生滑坡的)山上采掘过金子”,否则事故就是强降雨导致的。[2]

事故影响

 
距灾区30公里的波格拉金矿英语Porgera Gold Mine

当地时间5月24日凌晨三时左右[12],芒加洛山(Mount Mungalo)部分山体崩塌,大量石块剥落,摧毁了附近的六个村庄[13]。单在考卡拉姆一村,便有数十间房屋损毁,预计约有300人因而死亡。滑坡事故同时造成通往波格拉金矿英语Porgera Gold Mine的道路受阻,150米长的通往考卡拉姆的主要道路受损,燃油、物资供应一时面临困难[14][1][15]。在扬巴利村,约有3,000名村民失踪,另有约2,000人被掩埋在图里帕纳村,具体的失踪人数仍未可知[16]。通往首都莫尔斯比港的道路亦遭阻断。村庄菜园以及三条溪流被石砾掩埋[17]。据国际移民组织官员估测,受掩埋的区域约有“三至四个足球场”大[18],坍塌层约有6至8米深[19]

不同信源对死亡人数作了极为相异的估测,天空新闻台等认为有670人遇难[12]巴布亚新几内亚信使报英语Papua New Guinea Post-Courier则认为有逾千人丧命[4]。这些估测尚未得到政府官员的确证[18]。超过4,000人受到此次事故直接影响[20]。最初人们发现了五具遇难者的遗骸,以及第六位遇难者的腿部残肢[21],截止5月30日,共有11人的遗体被寻获。[22]七人受伤[23],四人获救[5][24]。恩加籍议员5月24日告诉《卫报》,有1,182间房屋遭到损毁。[25]超过5,000只猪、100家商铺、五辆汽车[26]、两处医疗点据信亦在石砾之下[27]。另有250间房屋因地表不稳而变为危房,估计另有1,250人因此失去住房。[21]

现场救援人员称遇难者遗骸已“腐臭不堪”,5月30日,鉴于尸体或致水源污染,国际移民组织发布报告,警告灾区有爆发疫病的“重大风险”。[28]

救灾情况

巴布亚新几内亚总理詹姆斯·马拉佩宣布,巴布亚新几内亚国防军已被派遣至事故地区进行遗体搜寻、基础设施重建等救援与善后工作。警察、医护人员、工程师以及联合国人员亦参与救灾,一些当地群众自发组建现场应急力量[29]。黄昏时分,现场救援人员利用机械挖掘设备等工具,试图找到幸存者[30]

国际人道主义机构国际关怀协会英语Care International巴布亚新几内亚红十字会英语Papua New Guinea Red Cross Society评估了灾情[31][32][33]。国际关怀协会称,灾难后,约有4,000人需要人道主义救助。2024年2月,当地曾爆发部落武装冲突英语February 2024 Enga Province massacre,造成部分村民流离失所,此次山体滑坡掩埋了部分用以收容他们的社区[20]。巨大的石块和倒塌的树木阻碍了搜救工作[34],红十字会估计需要两天时间,救援力量才能抵达灾区[2]。据ABC新闻报导,目前只有直升机能进入考卡拉姆。5月25日起,有救援车队离开省府瓦巴格,向灾区进发[35]。由于坐落途中的坦比塔尼斯村(Tambitanis)仍有部落冲突情况,救援车队受到了巴新国防军的护送。巴新防长比利·约瑟夫(Billy Joseph)和国家灾害中心主任拉索·马纳(Laso Mana)宣布将于26日前往瓦巴格勘灾[21]。运营波格拉金矿的合资企业亦同意向灾区提供专业挖掘设备,以辅助搜寻遗体、疏通道路。[36]

5月28日,食品、药品等物资运抵灾区。[37]在受灾人群中,十六岁以下的青少年占约四成,人道主义组织担忧他们的心理问题。已有九名儿童因事故丧失双亲。[37]随着专业设备从莱城等地运至灾区,遇难者家属又就是否应使用重型机械挖掘遗骸产生分歧,部分人担忧其亲人遗骸恐因而遭到二次破坏。[8]

巴布亚新几内亚国民议会为事故遇难者默哀一分钟。[7]5月30日,议长乔布·波马特英语Job Pomat厉斥议员们只顾计划对总理发起不信任动议,而对恩加山崩灾情颇有冷落[38]。马拉佩翌日前往事故现场[39],宣布将拨付2000万基那用以救灾同重建[40]

国际反应

参见

参考资料

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  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Papua New Guinea: Large landslide causes 'loss of life and property'. Le Monde. 2024-05-24 [2024-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-24) (英语). It is a gold mining area and people may have been gold mining on that mountain," she said. Otherwise, the landslide may have been caused by heavy rain, Philemon suggested. 
  3. ^ Huge landslide strikes remote village in Papua New Guinea, with 100 people feared dead. ABC新闻. 2024-05-24 [2024-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-24). 
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