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用户:Mildwall/2016年航天活动列表

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File:File:2016 in spaceflight.jpg
Clockwise from top: The first successful landing of a Falcon 9 Full Thrust first stage on an ASDS, HiRISE views the crash site of Schiaparelli on Mars, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft about to be put into its Atlas V 411 payload faring, and JunoCam aboard Juno observes Jupiter during Perijove 3.
轨道发射
首次15 January
末次28 December
总计85
成功82
失败2
部分失败1
标识符83
火箭
处女航
退役Falcon 9 v1.1
载人航天
轨道5
人数合计14

Several new rockets and spaceports began operations in 2016. First, Russia inaugurated the far-Eastern Vostochny Cosmodrome on 28 April 2016 with a traditional Soyuz-2.1a flight,[1] before expanding it for the Angara rocket family in the following years. Then the Chinese Long March 7 took off for its maiden flight from the new Wenchang Satellite Launch Center on Hainan Island in the South China Sea on 25 June and the maiden flight of the Long March 5 took place on 3 November. Two years after its 2014 accident, the Antares rocket returned to flight on 17 October with its upgraded 230 version featuring the Russian RD-181 engine.

After many failed attempts, SpaceX started landing its Falcon 9 first stages on drone ships, edging closer to their long-stated goal of developing reusable launch vehicles. The company indicated that the recovered engines and structures did not suffer significant damage and they plan to launch a mission with a previously flown booster in January 2017.[2]

The ExoMars mission, a collaboration between the European and Russian space agencies, was launched on 14 March and reached Mars on 19 October.[3] Essentially dedicated to astrobiology investigations, this flight carries the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter which reached Mars orbit and Schiaparelli EDM lander which crashed upon landing. A subsequent flight scheduled for 2020 will carry the ExoMars rover along with four static surface instruments.[4] Meanwhile, the Japanese space probe Akatsuki started its observations of Venus in May[5] after spending five months gradually adjusting its orbit. Planetary exploration activities took center stage with the orbit insertion of NASA's Juno probe at Jupiter on 4 July, which was followed by the launch of NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid 101955 Bennu on 8 September. Finally, on 30 September, the Rosetta probe executed a slow crash-landing on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.[6][7]

Manned missions include the return of Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko in March, after a year long mission on the ISS, the longest-ever continuous stay by astronauts at the station. Kelly also set the record for the longest stay of an American in orbit. Four ISS Expeditions numbered 47 to 50 were launched in 2016, the first one using the last Soyuz TMA-M spacecraft and the next three inaugurating the modernized Soyuz MS. Expedition 50 will continue into 2017. Several EVAs were planned to help maintain the exterior of the ISS. The experimental BEAM inflatable habitat was attached to the ISS on 16 April and expanded on 28 May, to begin two years of on-orbit tests. Meanwhile, China launched its new Tiangong-2 space laboratory in September, which was first visited by two astronauts for a month between 19 October and 17 November.

Orbital launches

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日期和时间 (UTC) 火箭 发射场 发射服务提供者
有效载荷 操作者 轨道 功能 衰减 (UTC) 结果
附注

January

15 January
16:57:04 		  Long March 3B/E   Xichang LA-3   CASC
  Belintersat 1 Belarus Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
17 January
18:42:18 		  Falcon 9 v1.1   Vandenberg SLC-4E   SpaceX
  Jason-3 NOAA / EUMETSAT Low Earth Earth observation 在轨 Operational
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust. Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an Autonomous Spaceport Drone Ship in the Pacific Ocean, but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[8]
20 January
04:01:00 		  PSLV-XL   Satish Dhawan SLP   ISRO
  IRNSS-1E ISRO Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational
27 January
23:20:48 		  Ariane 5 ECA   Kourou ELA-3   Arianespace
  Intelsat 29e Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
29 January
22:20:09 		  Proton-M / Briz-M   Baikonur Site 200/39   Khrunichev
  Eutelsat 9B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System
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February

1 February
07:29:04 		  Long March 3C / YZ-1   Xichang LA-2   CASC
  BeiDou M3-S CNSA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
5 February
13:38:00 		  Atlas V 401   Cape Canaveral SLC-41   United Launch Alliance
  USA-266 (GPS IIF-12) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
7 February
00:21:07 		  Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat   Plesetsk Site 43/4   RVSN RF
  Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751) VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
7 February
00:30 		  Unha   Sohae   KCST
  Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4[9] KCST Low Earth Earth observation 在轨 Operational
10 February
11:40:32 		  Delta IV M+ (5,2)   Vandenberg SLC-6   United Launch Alliance
  USA-267 / NROL-45 / Topaz-4[10] NRO Retrograde LEO Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit
16 February
17:57:40 		  Rokot / Briz-KM   Plesetsk Site 133/3   /   Eurockot
  Sentinel-3A ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
17 February
08:45:00 		  H-IIA 202   Tanegashima LA-Y1   MHI
    Hitomi (ASTRO-H) JAXA / NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy 在轨 Spacecraft failure
  ChubuSat-2 Nagoya University Low Earth Radiation / Amateur radio 在轨 Operational
  ChubuSat-3 MHI Low Earth Remote sensing / Space debris monitor 在轨 Operational
  Horyu-4 Kyushu Institute of Technology Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
Hitomi malfunctioned after initial checkouts, and is believed to have lost attitude control and snapped off its solar array. As of 28 April, JAXA has abandoned efforts to recover the spacecraft.[11]
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March

4 March
23:35:00 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
  SES-9 SES S.A. Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
High-velocity landing test ended with a hard landing on the Autonomous spaceport drone ship Of Course I Still Love You and destruction of the first stage.
9 March
05:20:07 		  Ariane 5 ECA   Kourou ELA-3   Arianespace
  Eutelsat 65 West A Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
10 March
10:31:00 		  PSLV-XL   Satish Dhawan SLP   ISRO
  IRNSS-1F ISRO Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational
13 March
18:56:00 		  Soyuz-2.1b   Baikonur Site 31/6   Roscosmos
  Resurs-P No.3 Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
The launch succeeded on its second attempt after a rare pad abort the day before.
14 March
09:31:42[4] 		  Proton-M / Briz-M   Baikonur Site 200/39   Khrunichev
  /   ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter ESA Areocentric orbit Mars orbiter 在轨 Operational
  Schiaparelli EDM lander ESA Martian Surface Mars lander 19 October 2016 Landing failure
Briz-M upper stage exploded after separation, apparently without damaging the orbiter or lander.[12]
18 March
21:26:38 		  Soyuz-FG   Baikonur Site 1/5   Roscosmos
  Soyuz TMA-20M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 47/48 7 September 2016
01:13		 Successful
Manned flight with three cosmonauts. Final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant
23 March
03:05:52 		  Atlas V 401   Cape Canaveral SLC-41   United Launch Alliance
  Cygnus CRS OA-6
S.S. Rick Husband 		Orbital ATK / NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 22 June 2016
13:29		 Successful
  /   Diwata-1 DOST / TU Low Earth Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  Flock-2e' × 20 Planet Labs Low Earth Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  Lemur-2 × 9 Spire Global Low Earth Earth observation 在轨 8 operational, 1 failed to deploy
Anomaly in the mixture ratio control valve assembly, causing the Atlas V booster engine to cut off five seconds early, resulting in a longer-than-usual Centaur orbital insertion burn.[13]
Cubesats deployed from the ISS and the Cygnus spacecraft at a later date.
24 March
09:42:00 		  Soyuz-2.1a   Plesetsk Site 43/4   RVSN RF
  Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M) VKS Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
29 March
20:11:04 		  Long March 3A   Xichang LA-2   CASC
  BeiDou IGSO-6 CNSA IGSO Navigation 在轨 Operational
31 March
16:23:57 		  Soyuz-2.1a   Baikonur Site 31/6   Roscosmos
  Progress MS-02 / 63P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 14 October 2016
13:39		 Successful
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April

5 April
17:38:04 		  Long March 2D   Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2   CASC
  Shijian-10 CAS Low Earth Microgravity Science 18 April 2016
08:30		 Successful
8 April
20:43:31 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
  SpaceX CRS-8 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 11 May 2016
18:31		 Successful
  BEAM Bigelow Aerospace / NASA Low Earth (ISS) Technology Demonstration / ISS Assembly 在轨 Operational
First stage landed successfully on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You for the first time, the second successful landing overall
25 April
21:02:13 		  Soyuz-STA / Fregat   Kourou ELS   Arianespace
  Sentinel-1B ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  MICROSCOPE CNES Low Earth (SSO) Astrophysics research 在轨 Operational
  AAUSAT-4 Aalborg Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  e-st@r-II Polytechnic University of Turin Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  OUFTI-1 Liège Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
28 April
02:01:21 		  Soyuz-2.1a / Volga   Vostochny Site 1S   Roscosmos
  Mikhailo Lomonosov MSU Low Earth (SSO) Gamma-ray astronomy 在轨 Operational
  Aist-2D SSAU Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  SamSat 218 SSAU Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome
28 April
07:20:00 		  PSLV-XL   Satish Dhawan FLP   ISRO
  IRNSS-1G ISRO Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational
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May

6 May
05:21:00 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
  JCSAT-14 JSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You droneship, the third successful landing and the first landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit.
15 May
02:43 		  Long March 2D   Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2   CASC
  Yaogan 30 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
24 May
08:48:43 		  Soyuz-STB / Fregat   Kourou ELS   Arianespace
  Galileo FOC 10 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
  Galileo FOC 11 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
27 May
21:39:00 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
  Thaicom 8 Thaicom Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You droneship, the fourth successful landing and the second landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit.
29 May
08:44:35 		  Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat   Plesetsk Site 43/4   RVSN RF
  Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 753) VKS Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
30 May
03:17:04 		  Long March 4B   Taiyuan LC-9   CASC
  Ziyuan III-02 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth imaging 在轨 Operational
  ÑuSat-1/-2
(Aleph-1 constellation)[14] 		Satellogic Low Earth (SSO) Earth imaging 在轨 Operational
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June

4 June
14:00:13 		  Rokot / Briz-KM   Plesetsk Site 133/3   RVSN RF
  Kosmos 2517 (Geo-IK-2 No.12) VKS Low Earth Geodesy 在轨 Operational
9 June
07:10:00 		  Proton-M / Briz-M   Baikonur Site 81/24   Khrunichev
  Intelsat 31 / DLA-2 Intelsat / DirecTV Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
11 June
17:51:00 		  Delta IV Heavy   Cape Canaveral SLC-37B   United Launch Alliance
  USA-268 (Orion NROL-37) NRO Geosynchronous Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
12 June
15:30:04 		  Long March 3C   Xichang LA-3   CASC
  BeiDou G7 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation 在轨 Operational
15 June
14:29:00 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
  Eutelsat 117 West B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
  ABS-2A ABS Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
Satellites were successfully delivered to orbit, first stage landing on drone ship failed.
18 June
21:38:39 		  Ariane 5 ECA   Kourou ELA-3   Arianespace
  EchoStar 18 EchoStar Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
  BRIsat BRI Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
22 June
03:56:00 		  PSLV-XL   Satish Dhawan SLP   ISRO
  Cartosat-2C ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  GHGsat GHGsat Inc. Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  M3MSat CSA Low Earth (SSO) Communications 在轨 Operational
  SkySat-C1 Terra Bella Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  BIROS DLR Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  SathyabamaSat Sathyabama University Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  Swayam College of Engineering, Pune Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  LAPAN-A3 LAPAN Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  Flock-2p × 12 Planet Labs Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
24 June
14:30:00 		  Atlas V 551   Cape Canaveral SLC-41   United Launch Alliance
  MUOS-5 US Navy GSO Communications 在轨 Operational in off-nominal but usable orbit[15]
25 June
12:00:07 		  Long March 7 / YZ-1A   Wenchang LC-2   CASC
  Next-generation crew capsule scale model CNSA Low Earth Technology/Test Flight 26 June 2016
07:41		 Successful
  Star of Aoxiang NPU Low Earth Technology 29 September 2016 Successful
  Aolong-1 Low Earth Technology 27 August 2016 Successful
  Tiange-1 Low Earth Technology 27 August 2016 Successful
  Tiange-2 Low Earth Technology 24 August 2016 Successful
Maiden flight of the Long March 7 rocket and the first launch from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.[16]
29 June
03:21:04 		  Long March 4B   Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2   CASC
  Shijian 16-02 CNSA Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
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July

7 July
01:36:40 		  Soyuz-FG   Baikonur Site 1/5   Roscosmos
  Soyuz MS-01 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 48/49 30 October 2016
3:58		 Successful
Manned flight with three cosmonauts. Maiden flight of the modernized Soyuz MS spacecraft variant.
16 July
21:41:45 		  Soyuz-U   Baikonur Site 31/6   Roscosmos
  Progress MS-03 / 64P Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 1 February 2017
18:24		 Successful
18 July
04:45:29 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
  SpaceX CRS-9 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 26 August
15:47		 Successful
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System. Second successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test.
28 July
12:37:00 		  Atlas V 421   Cape Canaveral SLC-41   United Launch Alliance
  USA-269 (Quasar NROL-61) NRO GSO[17] Communications 在轨 Operational
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August

5 August
16:22:04 		  Long March 3B   Xichang LA-3   CASC
  Tiantong-1 01 CAST Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
9 August
22:55:25 		  Long March 4C   Taiyuan LC-9   CASC
  Gaofen-3 CAST Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
14 August
05:26:00 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
  JCSAT-16 JSAT Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
15 August
17:40:04 		  Long March 2D   Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2   CASC
  Quantum Experiments At Space Scale (QUESS)[18] CAS Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  Lixing-1 CAS Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  3Cat 2 UPC Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
19 August
04:52:00 		  Delta IV M+ (4,2)   Cape Canaveral SLC-37B   United Launch Alliance
  AFSPC 6 / USA-270 / GSSAP #3 US Air Force Geosynchronous Space surveillance 在轨 Operational
  AFSPC 6 / USA-271 / GSSAP #4 US Air Force Geosynchronous Space surveillance 在轨 Operational
24 August
22:16:01 		  Ariane 5 ECA   Kourou ELA-3   Arianespace
  Intelsat 33e Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational[19]
  Intelsat 36 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
31 August
18:50:00 		  Long March 4C   Taiyuan LC-9   CASC
  Gaofen-10 CAST Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 31 August 2016 Launch failure
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September

3 September
07:00–09:00 (scheduled) 		  Falcon 9 Full Thrust   Cape Canaveral SLC-40   SpaceX
Launch pad explosion destroyed both the rocket and the satellite two days prior to scheduled launch.[20]
8 September
11:20:00 		  GSLV Mk II   Satish Dhawan SLP   ISRO
  INSAT-3DR ISRO Geosynchronous Meteorology 在轨 Operational
8 September
23:05:00 		  Atlas V 411   Cape Canaveral SLC-41   United Launch Alliance
  OSIRIS-REx NASA Heliocentric Asteroid sample return 在轨 Operational
Will reach asteroid Bennu in August 2018
13 September
14:38:00 		  Shavit-2   Palmachim   Israel Aerospace Industries
  Ofeq 11 Israel Defense Forces Low Earth Reconnaissance 在轨 Satellite malfunction[21]
15 September
14:04:12 		  Long March 2F/G   Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1   CNSA
  Tiangong-2 CNSA Low Earth Space station 在轨 Operational
  BanXing 2 SAST Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
Second Chinese space laboratory, BanXing 2 deployed 22 October
16 September
01:43:35 		  Vega   Kourou ELV   Arianespace
  PeruSat-1 Peruvian Armed Forces Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
  SkySat x 4 Terra Bella Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
26 September
03:42:00 		  PSLV-G   Satish Dhawan FLP   ISRO
  ScatSat-1 ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 在轨 Operational
  Pratham IIT Bombay Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  PISAT PES University Low Earth (SSO) Earth Observation 在轨 Operational
  BlackSky Pathfinder 1 BlackSky Global Low Earth (SSO) Earth Observation 在轨 Operational
  Alsat-1N Algerian Space Agency Low Earth (SSO) Earth Observation 在轨 Operational
  Alsat-1B Algerian Space Agency Low Earth (SSO) Earth Observation 在轨 Operational
  Alsat-2B Algerian Space Agency Low Earth (SSO) Earth Observation 在轨 Operational
  CanX-7 UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
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October

5 October
20:30 		  Ariane 5 ECA   Kourou ELA-3   Arianespace
  NBN-Co 1B / Sky Muster II NBN Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
  GSAT-18 ISRO Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
16 October
23:30 		  Long March 2F   Jiuquan LA-4 / SLS-1   CNSA
  Shenzhou 11 CNSA Low Earth Docking with Tiangong-2 18 November 2016
06:15		 Successful
Crewed flight with two astronauts[22]
17 October
23:45 		  Antares 230   MARS Pad 0A   Orbital ATK
  Cygnus CRS OA-5 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 27 November 2016
23:36		 Successful
  Lemur-2 × 4 Spire Global Low Earth Earth observation 在轨 Operational
CubeSats to be deployed from the ISS and Cygnus spacecraft at a later date
19 October
08:05 		  Soyuz-FG   Baikonur Site 31/6   Roscosmos
  Soyuz MS-02 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 49/50 10 April 2017
11:20		 Successful
Manned flight with three cosmonauts
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November

2 November
06:20:00 		  H-IIA 202   Tanegashima LA-Y1   MHI
  Himawari 9 JMA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在轨 Operational
3 November
12:42 		  Long March 5   Wenchang LC-1   CASC
  Shijian-17 CNSA Geosynchronous Technology 在轨 Operational
Maiden flight of the Long March 5 rocket. Shijian-17 will be a test of electric propulsion.
9 November
23:42 		  Long March 11   Jiuquan   CASC
  XPNAV 1[23] CAS Low Earth (SSO) X-ray pulsar-based navigation 在轨 Operational
  Xiaoxiang 1[24] Changsha Gaoxinqu Tianyi Research Institute Low Earth (SSO) Stabilization technology 在轨 Operational
11 November
18:30 		  Atlas V 401   Vandenberg SLC-3E   United Launch Alliance
  WorldView-4 DigitalGlobe Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  CELTEE 1 M42 Technologies Low Earth (SSO) Calibration 在轨 Operational
  Promethus-2 x2 LANL Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  AeroCube 8 x2 Aerospace Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Operational
  OptiCube 4 NASA Orbital Debris Program Office Low Earth (SSO) Calibration 在轨 Operational
  RAVAN JHU/APL Low Earth (SSO) Technology, Earth Observation 在轨 Operational
CubeSats deployed after WorldView-4 separation as part of NRO-sponsored ENTERPRISE mission
11 November
23:14 		  Long March 2D   Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2   CASC
  Yunhai-1 SAST Low Earth Earth observation 在轨 Operational
17 November
13:06:48 		  Ariane 5 ES   Kourou ELA-3   Arianespace
  Galileo FOC 7 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
  Galileo FOC 12 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
  Galileo FOC 13 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
  Galileo FOC 14 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 在轨 Operational
17 November
20:20:14 		  Soyuz-FG   Baikonur Site 1/5   Roscosmos
  Soyuz MS-03 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 50/51 在轨 Operational
Manned flight with three cosmonauts
19 November
23:42:00 		  Atlas V 541   Cape Canaveral SLC-41   United Launch Alliance
  GOES-R NASA / NOAA Geosynchronous Meteorology 在轨 Operational
22 November
15:24:04 		  Long March 3C   Xichang   CASC
  Tianlian I-04 CNSA Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
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December

1 December
14:52 		  Soyuz-U   Baikonur Site 1/5   Roscosmos
  Progress MS-04 / 65P Roscosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 1 December Launch failure
5 December
13:51:44 		  Vega   Kourou ELV   Arianespace
  Göktürk-1 Turkish Armed Forces Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 在轨 Operational
7 December
04:54 		  PSLV-XL   Satish Dhawan FLP   ISRO
  Resourcesat-2A ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Remote sensing 在轨 Operational
7 December
23:53 		  Delta IV M+ (5,4)   Cape Canaveral SLC-37B   United Launch Alliance
  USA-272 / WGS-8 US Air Force Planned: Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
9 December
13:26:47 		  H-IIB   Tanegashima LA-Y2   MHI
  HTV-6 JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 5 February 2017
15:06		 Successful
  EGG UTokyo Low Earth Technology/Re-entry Demonstration 在轨 Operational
  TuPOD GAUSS Srl Low Earth TubeSat Deployment/Amateur Radio 在轨 Operational
 /  UBAKUSAT[来源请求] İTÜ/Kyutech Planned: Low Earth Technology  
 /  AOBA-VELOX 3 NTU/Kyutech Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
  STARS C Kagawa University Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
  FREEDOM Nakashimada Engineering Works/Tohoku University Low Earth Technology 5 February 2017 Successful
  ITF 2 University of Tsukuba Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
  Waseda-SAT 3 Waseda University Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
  OSNSAT Open Space Network Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
  Tancredo 1 Escola Municipal Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves/INPE Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
  TechEDSat SJSU/UI Planned: Low Earth Technology 在轨 Operational
  Lemur-2 × 4 Spire Global Planned: Low Earth AIS 在轨 Operational
CubeSats to be deployed at a later date. Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT are carried inside TuPOD and to be deployed from it. STARS-C was deployed on 19 December 2016. ITF-2, WASEDA-SAT3, FREEDOM, EGG, AOBA-Velox III, and TuPOD were deployed on 16 January 2017.[25] Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT were released from TuPOD on 19 January 2017.[26] Lemur-2 and TechEdSat-5 were deployed on 6-7 March 2017.[27][28][29]
10 December
16:11:00 		  Long March 3B   Xichang LA-3   CASC
  Fengyun 4A CMA Planned: Geosynchronous Meteorology 在轨 Operational
15 December
13:37:21 		  Pegasus-XL   Stargazer, Cape Canaveral   Orbital ATK
  CYGNSS x 8 NASA Low Earth Meteorology 在轨 Operational
18 December
19:13 		  Atlas V 431   Cape Canaveral SLC-41   United Launch Alliance
  EchoStar 19 HughesNet Planned: Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
20 December
11:00 		  Epsilon   Uchinoura   JAXA
  Arase (ERG) JAXA Medium Earth (elliptical) Magnetospherics 在轨 Operational
21 December
19:22 		  Long March 2D   Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2   CASC
  TanSat[30] CAS Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
  Spark x 2 CAS Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Operational
21 December
20:30 		  Ariane 5 ECA   Kourou ELA-3   Arianespace
  Star One D1 Star One Planned: Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
  JCSAT-15 JSAT Planned: Geosynchronous Communications 在轨 Operational
28 December
03:23:56 		  Long March 2D   Taiyuan   CASC
  SuperView / Gaojing-1 01 Beijing Space View Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Partial launch failure
Operational
  SuperView / Gaojing-1 02 Beijing Space View Technology Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 在轨 Partial launch failure
Operational
  Bayi Kepu 1 China Association for Science and Technology Low Earth (SSO) Technology 在轨 Partial launch failure
Operational
Launch vehicle problem deployed satellites in a lower than planned orbit. SuperView satellites raising their own orbits, but CubeSats cannot so may have short lifespan[31]
← 一月 • 二月 • 三月 • 四月 • 五月 • 六月 • 七月 • 八月 • 九月 • 十月 • 十一月 • 十二月 →

Suborbital flights

日期和时间 (UTC) 火箭 发射场 发射服务提供者
有效载荷 操作者 轨道 功能 衰减 (UTC) 结果
附注
15 January
03:00:00 		  S-310   Uchinoura   JAXA
  TPU / TU / TU / KU / JAXA Suborbital Ionospheric research 15 January Successful
Apogee: 161千米（100英里）[32]
22 January   New Shepard   Corn Ranch   Blue Origin
  New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 22 January Successful
Apogee: 101.7千米（63.2英里）[33]
23 January
08:30 		  VSB-30   Esrange   EuroLaunch
  /   TEXUS-53 DLR / ESA Suborbital Microgravity 23 January Successful
Apogee: 252千米（157英里）
28 January   SRALT?   C-17, Pacific Ocean   MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 28 January Successful
Apogee: 300千米（190英里）, CTV-02+ target
28 January   Ground Based Interceptor   Vandenberg LF-23   MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM test 28 January Successful
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept.
2 February
21:09 		  VS-30   Esrange   SSC
  SPIDER/LEEWAVES SSC Suborbital Technology 2 February Successful
Apogee: 138千米（86英里）
21 February
07:34 		  LGM-30G Minuteman III   Vandenberg LF-09   US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 21 February Successful
GT217GM, Apogee: ~1,300千米（810英里） ?
22 February
04:15 		  Black Brant IX   White Sands   NASA
  CHESS-2 LASP Suborbital Astronomy 22 February Successful
Apogee: 309千米（192英里）
26 February
07:01 		  LGM-30G Minuteman III   Vandenberg LF-10   US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 26 February Successful
GT218GM, Apogee: ~1,300千米（810英里） ?
1 March
14:50 		  Terrier Malemute   Wallops Island   NASA
  MUSIC West Virginia University Suborbital Technology experiments 1 March Successful
Apogee: ~185 kilometers (115 mi)[34]
7 March
12:05 		  Terrier Orion   Wallops Island   NASA
  SOAREX-9 NASA Ames Suborbital Technology experiment 7 March Successful
  RadPC Montana State University Suborbital Technology experiment 7 March Successful
  VIP Controlled Dynamics Suborbital Technology experiment 7 March Successful
Apogee: ~159 kilometers (99 mi)
14 March   UGM-133 Trident II D5   Submarine, ETR   US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 14 March Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
15 March   UGM-133 Trident II D5   Submarine, ETR   US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 15 March Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
16 March   UGM-133 Trident II D5   Submarine, ETR   US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 16 March Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52
2 April
15:18 		  New Shepard   Corn Ranch   Blue Origin
  New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 2 April Successful
  BORE Southwest Research Institute Suborbital Microgravity experiment 2 April Successful
  COLLIDE University of Central Florida Suborbital Microgravity experiment 2 April Successful
Apogee: 103.8 kilometers (64.5 mi). Third successful booster landing of the same rocket.[35]
26 April
17:00 		  Tianying 3F   Hainan   CNSA
  Kunpeng-1B CSSAR Suborbital Environment monitoring 26 April Successful
Apogee: 316千米（196英里）
18 May
00:45 		  VS-30/Improved Orion   Woomera Test Range   DSTO
  HiFire-5B DSTO Suborbital Technology 18 May Successful
Apogee: 278千米（173英里）
18 May
07:02 		  MRBM-T3   Kauai   MDA
MDA Suborbital Radar target 18 May Successful
Medium Range Ballistic Missile Target, Aegis radar target FTX-21, apogee: 300千米（190英里）?
25 May   RIM-161 Standard Missile 3-IB  “Hopper”号DDG-70 (6), Kauai  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 25 May Successful
Apogee: 100千米（62英里）?
26 May   RIM-161 Standard Missile 3-IB  “Hopper”号DDG-70 (6), Kauai  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Test flight 26 May Successful
Apogee: 100千米（62英里）?
1 June
19:00 		  Black Brant IX   White Sands   NASA
  EVE CU Boulder Suborbital SDO calibration 1 June Successful
Apogee: 290千米（180英里）
19 June
14:35 		  New Shepard   Corn Ranch   Blue Origin
  New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 19 June Successful
  Capillary Flow Experiment Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Suborbital Microgravity experiment 19 June Successful
  EITIC Louisiana State University Suborbital Microgravity experiment 19 June Successful
  MEDEA Braunschweig University of Technology Suborbital Microgravity experiment 19 June Successful
Apogee: 101 kilometers (62.8 mi). Fourth successful booster landing of the same rocket.
24 June
10:06 		  Terrier Improved Orion   Wallops Island   NASA
  RockOn/RockSat-C CU Boulder Suborbital Student experiments 24 June Successful
Apogee: ~119千米（74英里）
30 June
09:43 		  Improved Malemute   Andøya   Andøya
  MaxiDusty 1 Oslo/Andøya Suborbital Atmospheric Science 30 June Successful
Apogee: 115千米（71英里）
1 July
07:18 		  M51   Le Triomphant, Audierne Bay   DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale Suborbital Test flight 1 July Successful
Apogee: 1,000千米（620英里）?
8 July
13:01 		  Improved Malemute   Andøya   Andøya
  MaxiDusty 1b Oslo/Andøya Suborbital Atmospheric Science 8 July Successful
Apogee: 117千米（73英里）
19 July
04:05 		  Terrier Improved Orion   Esrange   DLR
  ROTEX-T DLR Suborbital Technology 19 July Successful
Apogee: 182千米（113英里）
27 July
18:26 		  Black Brant IX   White Sands   NASA
  Hi-C NASA/MSFC Suborbital Solar research 27 July Spacecraft failure
Apogee: 250千米（160英里）
17 August
11:33 		  Terrier-Improved Malemute   Wallops Island   NASA
  Rocksat-X University of Colorado Boulder Suborbital Student Research 17 August Successful
Apogee: ~153千米（95英里）
25 August   RS-24 Yars?   Plesetsk   RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 25 August Launch failure
31 August   UGM-133 Trident II D5  “Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6), ETR   US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 31 August Successful
5 September
09:10 		  LGM-30G Minuteman III   Vandenberg LF-04   US Air Force
US Air Force Suborbital Test flight 5 September Successful
GT219GM, Apogee: ~1,300千米（810英里） ?
9 September   RS-12M Topol   Plesetsk   RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 9 September Successful
27 September   RSM-56 Bulava   K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy, White Sea   VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 27 September Successful
27 September   RSM-56 Bulava   K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy, White Sea   VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 27 September Launch failure?
The second missile self destroyed "after completing the first phase of the flight", maybe intentional. It appears to be a normal practice in salvo launches. The missile probably carried mockups instead of working upper stages and warheads to save money.
5 October
15:37 		  New Shepard   Corn Ranch   Blue Origin
  New Shepard crew capsule Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 5 October Successful
In-flight escape test 45 seconds after launch. Booster unexpectedly survived and reached an apogee of 93.7千米（58.2英里） before completing its fifth successful landing.
12 October   R-29R Volna   K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk   VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful
12 October   R-29RMU Sineva   K-407 Novomoskovsk, Barents Sea   VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful
12 October   RS-12M Topol   Plesetsk   RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful

Deep space rendezvous

 
维基新闻中的相关报导：NASA's Juno spacecraft enters Jupiter orbit
Date (UTC) Spacecraft Event Remarks
14 January Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 53千米（33英里）.[36]
15 January[37] Cassini 116th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,817千米（2,372英里）.
31 January Cassini 117th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,400千米（870英里）.
16 February Cassini 118th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,018千米（633英里）.
4 April Cassini 119th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi).
6 May Cassini 120th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 971千米（603英里）.
7 June Cassini 121st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 975千米（606英里）.
4 July[38] Juno Jovicentric orbit injection. First solar-powered Jovian probe (2nd orbiter)
4 July Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 350千米（220英里）.
25 July Cassini 122nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 976千米（606英里）.
10 August Cassini 123rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,599千米（994英里）.
27 August Juno 1st perijove of Jupiter Closest approach: 2,600千米（1,600英里）.[39]
26 September Cassini 124th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,737千米（1,079英里）.
30 September Rosetta Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Probe was programmed to deactivate its thrusters and radio transmissions after landing.
19 October Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016) Areocentric orbit injection
19 October Schiaparelli (ExoMars 2016) Landing on Mars, Meridiani Planum Probe entered Martian atmosphere intact, but contact was lost 50 seconds before expected landing.[40] NASA's MRO later identified the Schiaparelli crash site, confirming the loss of the lander.[41]
19 October Juno 2nd perijove of Jupiter Period Reduction Maneuver[42] originally planned, but delayed due to valve issues.[43] The maneuver was later cancelled entirely in favor of remaining in a 53-day orbit.[44]
13 November Cassini 125th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,582千米（983英里）.
16 November Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 127千米（79英里）.
29 November Cassini 126th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,223千米（2,003英里）.
11 December Juno 3rd perijove of Jupiter

Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVAs)

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
15 January
13:48 		4 hours 43 minutes 18:31 Expedition 46
ISS Quest
Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor. EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[45]
3 February
12:55 		4 hours 45 minutes 17:40 Expedition 46
ISS Pirs
Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[46]
19 August
12:04 		5 hours 58 minutes 18:02 Expedition 48
ISS Quest
The astronauts installed the International Docking Adapter (IDA) which was delivered by Dragon CRS-9, allowing future commercial crew spacecraft to dock with the station. This first IDA was attached to Harmony's forward port, over the existing Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA).[47][48] The EVA terminated after completing the primary objective, without completing the secondary objectives, due to a malfunction of the right earphone of Jeff Williams.
1 September
11:53 		6 hours 48 minutes 18:41 Expedition 48
ISS Quest
The crew retracted a thermal radiator which is a backup, and then installed the first pair of several High Definition cameras to monitor the traffic around the station. Then they have performed some maintenance operations.[49]

Space debris events

Date/Time (UTC) Source object Event type Pieces tracked Remarks
26 March 01:42[50] Hitomi Satellite breakup 10[51] JAXA lost communications with the freshly launched telescope during its early commissioning phase. Meanwhile, JspOC observed 5 then 10 pieces of debris diverging from the satellite, one of them comparably sized to the main spacecraft by radar signature.[52]

Hitomi itself went into a tumble and sent short intermittent communications. 截至2016年4月18日 (2016-04-18), the investigation into the root cause of the incident was ongoing. Collision with already-tracked space debris has been ruled out.[50] Multiple incidents in the spacecraft's attitude control system resulted in an excessive spin rate and breakup of structurally weak elements.[53]

In a twist of fate, one of the secondary payloads traveling with Hitomi was ChubuSat-3, a microsatellite dedicated to monitoring global warming effects and space debris.[54]

1 June 09:20 [55] SL-12 R/B (#33473) Booster breakup 20+ [55] An ullage motor, part of a Russian Proton-M rocket that was launched in December 2008, exploded for unknown reasons.[56]

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.

 China: 22Europe: 9India: 7Israel: 1Japan: 4North Korea: 1Russia: 19USA: 22
  •   China: 22
  •   Europe: 9
  •   India: 7
  •   Israel: 1
  •   Japan: 4
  •   North Korea: 1
  •   Russia: 19
  •   USA: 22
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
  中国 22 20 1 1
  欧洲 9 9 0 0
  印度 7 7 0 0
  以色列 1 1 0 0
  日本 4 4 0 0
  朝鲜 1 1 0 0
  俄罗斯 19 18 1 0 Includes 2 Soyuz launches from Kourou
  美国 22 22 0 0 +1 pre-launch failure (Amos 6 / Falcon 9)
World 85 82 2 1

By rocket

By family

Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Antares   美国 1 1 0 0
Ariane   欧洲 7 7 0 0
Atlas   美国 8 8 0 0
Delta   美国 4 4 0 0
Epsilon   日本 1 1 0 0
Falcon   美国 8 8 0 0 1 Pre-launch failure
H-II   日本 3 3 0 0
Long March   中国 22 20 1 1
Pegasus   美国 1 1 0 0
R-7   俄罗斯 14 13 1 0
SLV   印度 7 7 0 0
Shavit   以色列 1 1 0 0
Unha   朝鲜 1 1 0 0
Universal Rocket   俄罗斯 5 5 0 0
Vega   欧洲 2 2 0 0

By type

Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Antares 200   美国 Antares 1 1 0 0 Maiden Flight
Ariane 5   欧洲 Ariane 7 7 0 0
Atlas V   美国 Atlas 8 8 0 0
Delta IV   美国 Delta 4 4 0 0
Epsilon   日本 Epsilon 1 1 0 0
Falcon 9   美国 Falcon 8 8 0 0 1 Pre-launch failure
GSLV   印度 SLV 1 1 0 0
H-IIA   日本 H-II 2 2 0 0
H-IIB   日本 H-II 1 1 0 0
Long March 2   中国 Long March 8 7 0 1
Long March 3   中国 Long March 7 7 0 0
Long March 4   中国 Long March 4 3 1 0
Long March 5   中国 Long March 1 1 0 0 Maiden flight
Long March 7   中国 Long March 1 1 0 0 Maiden flight
Long March 11   中国 Long March 1 1 0 0
Pegasus XL   美国 Pegasus 1 1 0 0
Proton   俄罗斯 Universal Rocket 3 3 0 0
PSLV   印度 SLV 6 6 0 0
Shavit   以色列 Shavit 1 1 0 0
Soyuz   俄罗斯 R-7 6 5 1 0
Soyuz-2   俄罗斯 R-7 8 8 0 0
Unha   朝鲜 Unha 1 1 0 0
UR-100   俄罗斯 Universal Rocket 2 2 0 0
Vega   欧洲 Vega 2 2 0 0

By configuration

By spaceport

Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur   哈萨克斯坦 11 10 1 0
Cape Canaveral   美国 18 18 0 0 1 Pre-launch failure
Jiuquan   中国 9 9 0 0
Kourou   法国 11 11 0 0
MARS   美国 1 1 0 0
Palmachim   以色列 1 1 0 0
Plesetsk   俄罗斯 5 5 0 0
Satish Dhawan   印度 7 7 0 0
Sohae   朝鲜 1 1 0 0
Taiyuan   中国 4 2 1 1
Tanegashima   日本 3 3 0 0
Uchinoura   日本 1 1 0 0
Vandenberg   美国 3 3 0 0
Vostochny   俄罗斯 1 1 0 0 First launch
Wenchang   中国 2 2 0 0 First launch
Xichang   中国 7 7 0 0

By orbit

Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not achieved Accidentally
achieved 		Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 42 41 1 0 Including 10 to ISS (+1 failed), 1 to Tiangong-2
Geosynchronous / transfer 32 31 1 0
Medium Earth 8 8 0 0
High Earth 0 0 0 0
Heliocentric orbit 2 2 0 0 Including planetary transfer orbits

References

  1. 中国国家航天局
  2. 中国探月网
  3. Encyclopedia Astronautica
  4. Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
  5. 日本宇宙航空研究开发机构
  6. Jonathan's Space Report（SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项）
  7. Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
  8. NASA
  9. NASA SpaceFlight.com
  10. Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
  11. Space Calander (NASA JPL)
  12. Southwest Space Archive
  13. SPACE.com Launch Forecast
  14. SpaceFlightNow
  15. Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
  16. U.S. Space Objects Registry

Footnotes

  1. ^ Путин разрешил перенести первый запуск с «Восточного». Tvrain.ru. [2017-03-21]. 
  2. ^ Payer, Markus. Leading satellite operator will be world's first company to launch a geostationary satellite on a reusable rocket in Q4 2016 (新闻稿). SES S.A. 30 August 2016 [30 August 2016]. 
  3. ^ Chang, Kenneth. ExoMars Mission to Join Crowd of Spacecraft at Mars. New York Times. 19 October 2016 [19 October 2016]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Chang, Kenneth. Mars Mission Blasts Off From Kazakhstan. The New York Times. 14 March 2016 [14 March 2016]. 
  5. ^ Clark, Steven. Japanese orbiter officially begins science mission at Venus. Spaceflight Now. 17 May 2016. 
  6. ^ Clark, Stephen. Scientists to land, and switch off, Rosetta comet probe in September. Spaceflight Now. 2 July 2016 [5 July 2016]. 
  7. ^ Gannon, Megan. Goodbye, Rosetta! Spacecraft Crash-Lands on Comet in Epic Mission Finale. Space.com. 30 September 2016 [1 October 2016]. 
  8. ^ SpaceX on Twitter: "After further data review, stage landed softly but leg 3 didn't lockout. Was within 1.3 meters of droneship center". Twitter. [2017-03-21]. 
  9. ^ North Korea plans satellite launch this month - World - CBC News. Cbc.ca. 2016-02-02 [2017-03-21]. 
  10. ^ Krebs, Gunter. NROL launches. Gunter's Space Page. [2016-12-08]. 
  11. ^ JAXA | Operation Plan of X-ray Astronomy Satellite ASTRO-H (Hitomi). Global.jaxa.jp. 2016-04-28 [2017-03-21]. 
  12. ^ King, Bob. ExoMars Mission Narrowly Avoids Exploding Booster. Universe Today. 24 March 2016 [26 March 2016]. 
  13. ^ Atlas V OA-6 Anomaly Status. United Launch Alliance. 31 March 2016 [31 March 2016]. 
  14. ^ Barbosa, Rui C. Chinese Long March 4B lofts satellites for Ziyuan-3 and Aleph-1 programs. NASASpaceflight.com. 29 May 2016. 
  15. ^ Justin Ray. Navy satellite claws its way to usable orbit after main engine failure – Spaceflight Now. Spaceflightnow.com. [2017-03-21]. 
  16. ^ 长征七号首飞成功 携带多用途飞船缩比返回舱. Sina.com. [25 June 2016] （Chinese）. 
  17. ^ NROL-61 satellite launched Thursday spotted in space by sky-watchers. Spaceflight Now. 30 July 2016. 
  18. ^ Jeffrey Lin; P.W. Singer; John Costello. CHINA'S QUANTUM SATELLITE COULD CHANGE CRYPTOGRAPHY FOREVER. Popular Science. 3 March 2016 [12 March 2016]. 
  19. ^ Stephen Clark. Intelsat satellite in service after overcoming engine trouble – Spaceflight Now. Spaceflightnow.com. [2017-03-21]. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Malik, Tariq. Launchpad Explosion Destroys SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket, Satellite in Florida. Space.com. 1 September 2016 [1 September 2016]. 
  21. ^ Graham, William. Israel launches Ofek spy satellite – officials confirm malfunctions. nasaspaceflight.com. 13 September 2016 [19 September 2016]. 
  22. ^ Huang, Jin. Why will Shenzhou-11 carry only two astronauts to space?. People's Daily Online. 8 March 2016 [10 March 2016]. 
  23. ^ Krebs, Gunter. XPNAV 1. Gunter's Space Page. [2016-11-01]. 
  24. ^ Krebs, Gunter. Xiaoxiang 1. Gunter's Space Page. [2016-11-01]. 
  25. ^ Successful deployment of six CubeSats delivered by KOUNOTORI6. JAXA. 16 January 2017 [17 January 2017]. 
  26. ^ TuPOD successfully deployed its two onboard TubeSats. GAUSS Srl. 20 January 2017 [28 January 2017]. 
  27. ^ NanoRacks on Twitter: "Successful #cubesat deployment early this morning at 10:25:01 GMT of two @SpireGlobal #Lemurs from the #NRCSD on @Space_Station". Twitter. NanoRacks. 6 March 2017 [27 March 2017]. 
  28. ^ NanoRacks on Twitter: "Another successful deployment! Two more @SpireGlobal #Lemurs deployed at 15:05:00 GMT from the NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer on #ISS". Twitter. NanoRacks. 7 March 2017 [27 March 2017]. 
  29. ^ NanoRacks on Twitter: "Deployment cycle complete! @NASAAmes #TechEdSat5 deployed from @Space_Station @ 18:20:00 GMT. Thanks to all who made this mission a success!". Twitter. NanoRacks. 7 March 2017 [27 March 2017]. 
  30. ^ TanSat (Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission). eoPortal.org. [18 December 2016]. 
  31. ^ Jeff Foust. Chinese satellites raising orbits after launch anomaly. SpaceNews.com. 2016-12-30 [2017-03-21]. 
  32. ^ 観測ロケットS-310-44号機　打上げ結果について. JAXA. 15 January 2016 [15 January 2015] （Japanese）. 
  33. ^ Berger, Brian. Launch. Land. Repeat: Blue Origin posts video of New Shepard's Friday flight. Space News. 23 January 2016. 
  34. ^ Koehler, Keith. MUSIC Successfully Launched from NASA Wallops. NASA. 1 March 2016. 
  35. ^ Foust, Jeff. Blue Origin flies New Shepard on suborbital test flight. Space News. 2 April 2016. 
  36. ^ Skimming Phobos | Mars Express. Blogs.esa.int. 2016-01-13 [2017-03-21]. 
  37. ^ Cassini Solstice Mission: Saturn Tour Dates: 2016. saturn.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. [6 September 2015]. 
  38. ^ Calandrelli, Emily; Escher, Anna. The top 15 events that happened in space in 2016. TechCrunch. 16 December 2016 [2016-12-16]. 
  39. ^ Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie. NASA's Juno Successfully Completes Jupiter Flyby. NASA. 27 August 2016 [1 October 2016]. 
  40. ^ William Harwood. ESA Mars lander Schiaparelli failed in "soft landing" but data sent back may be worth it. CBS News. 2016-10-20 [2017-03-21]. 
  41. ^ Plummer, Libby. European probe Schiaparelli 'exploded' on Mars' surface as Nasa images reveal crash site | Daily Mail Online. Dailymail.co.uk. 2016-10-21 [2017-03-21]. 
  42. ^ Lakdawalla, Emily. What to expect from JunoCam at Jupiter. Planetary.org. 9 June 2016 [1 October 2016]. 
  43. ^ Juno to delay planned burn | The Planetary Society. Planetary.org. [2017-03-21]. 
  44. ^ NASA’s Juno Mission to Remain in Current Orbit at Jupiter | NASA. Nasa.gov. 2016-07-04 [2017-03-21]. 
  45. ^ Garcia, Mark. Spacewalk Ends Early After Water Detected in Helmet | Space Station. Blogs.nasa.gov. 2016-01-15 [2017-03-21]. 
  46. ^ Garcia, Mark. Second Spacewalk of Year Complete | Space Station. Blogs.nasa.gov. 2016-02-03 [2017-03-21]. 
  47. ^ Spacewalk Concludes After Commercial Crew Port Installation. NASA. 19 August 2016. 
  48. ^ First Commercial Crew Docking Port established aboard ISS in challenging Spacewalk. Spaceflight101. 19 August 2016. 
  49. ^ NASA TV to Air U.S. Spacewalk, Briefing | NASA. Nasa.gov. [2017-03-21]. 
  50. ^ 50.0 50.1 Gruss, Mike. U.S. Air Force: No evidence malfunctioning Japanese satellite was hit by debris. Space News. 29 March 2016 [5 April 2016]. 
  51. ^ @JSpOC. 10 pieces from Astro-H break-up is posted on @SpaceTrackOrg. 41337 was amended to match the largest piece. The former 41337 is now 41442. (推文). 1 April 2016 [13 April 2016] –通过Twitter. 
  52. ^ New Orbital Data & Observations Dim Hopes for Japanese Hitomi Spacecraft. Spaceflight101. 2 April 2016 [5 April 2016]. 
  53. ^ Clark, Stephen. Attitude control failures led to break-up of Japanese astronomy satellite. Spaceflight Now. 18 April 2016 [21 April 2016]. 
  54. ^ ChubuSat Instrument Development Project / About ChubuSat-3 Satellite. Nagoya University. 13 April 2016 [13 April 2016]. 
  55. ^ 55.0 55.1 @JSpOC. Breakup Notification: SL-12 R/B (#33473) @ 0920-0930z on 1Jun16. 20+ associated pieces. No indication of collision. @SpaceTrackOrg. (推文). 2 June 2016 [16 June 2016] –通过Twitter. 
  56. ^ Russian Ullage rocket engine explodes in space. Spaceflight Insider. 4 June 2016 [16 June 2016]. 

Template:Orbital launches in 2016

参考资料

外部链接

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mildwall/2016年航天活动列表&oldid=44807233”