情绪性进食

情绪性进食是指人们因受到积极和消极情绪影响而进行的饮食行为[1][2],会在情绪刺激下有无法摆脱的进食冲动。Bruch首次提出情绪性进食概念:情绪性进食者紧张以及不适时会过度进食,不能将饥饿和其他不适信号区分[3]情绪性进食“增加食物摄取应对负情绪”是壹种饮食失调形式,应对负情绪的壹种不恰当策略[4][5]

原因

无聊

人无聊时打发时间的高频率事件是进食 [6]

恐惧与焦虑

过度进食的壹个原因:进食——减少恐惧以及焦虑(负性驱力状态)的行为,引起驱力降低因而能够被强化巩固。习惯通过进食来种应对负性驱力方式的人即使他们并不饥饿也会在恐惧焦虑状态下吃东西 [7]

神经性暴食症或神经性厌食症

不论神经性厌食症患者或神经性暴食症患者都报告出更高频的情绪性进食现象[8]

应对负面情绪

壹些研究认为进食障碍是为逃避负面情绪而产生的行为 [9] [10] [11]。情绪性进食通常被看作壹种情绪调节策略 [12]情绪性进食的核心理论观点为学习假说,将情绪性进食视为壹种负强化:诱发刺激–消极情绪–操作性行为–进食,在这壹过程中进食会降低负性情绪 [13]

影响

睡眠质量

通过生理激素的分泌,睡眠质量会影响人体激素平衡从而导致各种异常进食行为。瘦素(Leptin)和食欲肽(Orexin)都是下丘脑大量分布的神经肽,前者是是壹种食欲抑制因子,食欲肽是壹种食欲促进因子。食欲肽增多可促进睡眠、提升对食物的渴望。食欲肽缺失能诱发发作性睡病 [14]食欲肽神经元觉醒快波睡眠状态时都异常活跃,它对睡眠清醒有重要的调控作用 [15]

情绪调节

情绪化经历不会提高食物摄入量,使用情绪调节策略能够降低饮食行为产生 [16]。和采取认知重评的人相比,采取表达抑制的个人会摄取更多食物 [16]

参考文献

  1. ^ 康健杂志. 是真的餓or壓力大?壹張圖教妳分辨 4招減少「情緒性進食」. [2021-06-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-28). 
  2. ^ Turton, Robert; Chami, Rayane; Treasure, Janet. Emotional Eating, Binge Eating and Animal Models of Binge-Type Eating Disorders. Current Obesity Reports. 2017-04-22, 6 (2): 217–228. ISSN 2162-4968. PMID 28434108. doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0265-8. 
  3. ^ Bruch, Hilde. Psychological Aspects of Overeating And Obesity. Psychosomatics. 1964-09-01, 5 (5) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0033-3182. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(64)72385-7. (原始内容存档于2023-06-08) (英语). 
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  5. ^ Arnow, Bruce; Kenardy, Justin; Agras, W. Stewart. The emotional eating scale: The development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1995-07, 18 (1). doi:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<79::AID-EAT2260180109>3.0.CO;2-V (英语). 
  6. ^ Koball, Afton M.; Meers, Molly R.; Storfer-Isser, Amy; Domoff, Sarah E.; Musher-Eizenman, Dara R. Eating when bored: Revision of the Emotional Eating Scale with a focus on boredom.. Health Psychology. 2012, 31 (4). ISSN 1930-7810. doi:10.1037/a0025893 (英语). 
  7. ^ Kaplan, Harold I.; Kaplan, Helen Singer. THE PSYCHOSOMATIC CONCEPT OF OBESITY. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. April-May-June 1957, 125 (2) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0022-3018. doi:10.1097/00005053-195704000-00004. (原始内容存档于2023-06-06) (美国英语). 
  8. ^ Dolhanty, Joanne; Greenberg, Leslie S. Emotion-focused therapy in a case of anorexia nervosa. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2009-07, 16 (4) [2023-06-06]. doi:10.1002/cpp.624. (原始内容存档于2023-06-06) (英语). 
  9. ^ Arnow, Bruce; Kenardy, Justin; Agras, W. Stewart. Binge eating among the obese: A descriptive study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1992-04-01, 15 (2). ISSN 1573-3521. doi:10.1007/BF00848323 (英语). 
  10. ^ Heatherton, Todd F.; Herman, C. Peter; Polivy, Janet. Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991, 60 (1). ISSN 1939-1315. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.138 (英语). 
  11. ^ Stice, Eric; Nemeroff, Carol; Shaw, Heather E. Test of the Dual Pathway Model of Bulimia Nervosa: Evidence for Dietary Restraint and Affect Regulation Mechanisms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 1996-09, 15 (3) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0736-7236. doi:10.1521/jscp.1996.15.3.340. (原始内容存档于2022-04-13) (英语). 
  12. ^ Stress and Coping across the Lifespan. academic.oup.com. [2023-06-06]. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375343.013.0002. (原始内容存档于2023-06-16). 
  13. ^ Geographical Reviews. Geographical Review. 1997-10-01, 87 (4). ISSN 0016-7428. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.1997.tb00092.x (英语). 
  14. ^ 胡淼淼; 林甯; 曹莉; 路长林. 食欲肽及其對睡眠-覺醒的調節. 第二军医大学学报. 2004, 25 (5): 544–546. 
  15. ^ 田秀灵. 神經肽Y及其食欲促進作用. 环境卫生学杂志. 2003, 30 (3): 134–137. 
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