盖螺科(学名:Pomatiopsidae[3],又名圆口螺科[4]盖口螺科[5]截尾钉螺科[6],是一个科级分类单元,其物种皆为小型、主要为淡水螺(也有栖息于其他环境的物种)的有螺厣淡水生腹足纲软体动物。根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类)》,本科属于截螺总科之下[7]

盖螺科
湖北钉螺英语Oncomelania hupensis的一只活体
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 软体动物门 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目: 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
总科: 麂眼螺总科 Rissooidea
科: 盖螺科 Pomatiopsidae
Stimpson英语William Stimpson, 1865[1]
多样性[2]
约170个淡水物种

本科物种已知是多种亚洲血吸虫中间宿主[8]

型态描述

美国的贝类学家威廉·斯廷普森英语William Stimpson首次在1865年为这个分类单元定义为“盖螺亚科”(Pomatiopsinae)[1]。 当时斯廷普森的分析如下[1]

分类

亚科

根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》,本科包括两个亚科[7],与Davis (1979)[9]提的分类相同,即如下:

Family-group name Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974[15] is also in Pomatiopsidae, but it is not allocated in detail.[7]。这组分类单元在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》被划归截螺总科金环螺科Iravadiidae Thiele, 1928[16][17]

本科之下所包括的属如下:

分布

本科物种有世界性的分布[8]。 然而,在生物多样性方面,本科物种在日本列岛的多样性特别高,八个物种里有四个物种有分布,当中更有两个物种是当地原生种[8]。 拟钉螺亚科物种在东南亚以淡水螺的形式辐射分布[8]

 
Pomatiopsidae的大致分布图。
注:Tomichia英语Tomichia的分布也包括中非,[28]
Cecina英语Cecina (gastropod)有八个物种[29]

生态

盖螺科物种的栖息地呈多样性:有淡水生的两栖的沿海的英语littoral嗜盐的英语halophilic穴居的英语Stygofauna、甚至陆生的[8][27]也有。不过陆生类群仅在位于东亚日本列岛Blanfordia英语Blanfordia属物种[8]Tomichia英语Tomichia属和Coxiella属包括多个在咸水湖栖息的嗜盐物种[8]

盖螺科以一到两条不同的演化路径英语Lineage (evolution)从海路进侵淡水栖息地[2];另外还有以两条不同的演化路径进侵陆地栖息[8]。下表综合本科各属的栖息环境:

盖螺科各属之生物多样性及栖地总览
属学名 中文名 物种数 栖息地
Blanfordia英语Blanfordia 3[8] 陆地[8]
Cecina (gastropod)英语Cecina 8[29] 沿岸海边英语littoral[29]
Coxiella 10[9](其中有一种已灭绝)[9] 咸水湖[30]
Fukuia英语Fukuia 3[8] 陆地和淡水,也有两栖,often arboreal[8]
"Fukuia" ooyagii英语Fukuia ooyagii
地位未定[8]
1 淡水[8]
Hemibia ?? ?? ??
Idiopyrgus英语Idiopyrgus 1-3 species[8][19] 淡水[19]
Oncomelania 钉螺属 2[8] freshwater, marshy ground, seasonally amphibious[8]
Pomatiopsis英语Pomatiopsis 4[9] marshy ground, amphibious[8]
Tomichia英语Tomichia 11[8] freshwater, brackish,[20] saline lakes[8]
Delavaya ? ? ?
Fenouilia英语Fenouilia ? ? 淡水
Lithoglyphopsis ? ? ?
Tricula 拟钉螺属 15-20+ 淡水
Hubendickia英语Hubendickia 16[9] ?
Hydrorissoia 7[9] ?
Jullienia 诸氏螺属 10[9] ?
Karelainia 4[9] ?
Kunmingia英语Kunmingia 昆明螺属 ? ?
Neoprososthenia英语Neoprososthenia ? ? ?
Pachydrobiella英语Pachydrobiella 1[9] ?
Paraprososthenia英语Paraprososthenia 有指4个[9]或1 个cf.[31] 化石,淡水湖的湖床
Saduniella 1[9] ?
Lacunopsis 12[9] ?
Gammatricula英语Gammatricula γ-拟钉螺属 4 ?
Halewisia 1[9] ?
Jinghongia 景洪螺属 ? ?
Neotricula 新拟钉螺属 2 (at least)[8] 淡水
Pachydrobia 10[9] ?
Robertsiella英语Robertsiella 小罗伯特螺属 3[32] freshwater, streams[32]
Wuconchona 伍氏螺属 至少一个 ?
Rehderiella ? ? ?
Spiripockia英语Spiripockia 1[27] 穴栖[27]

参考文献

本文参考了以下参考文献中的公共领域文本[1]和参考文献中的CC-BY-2.0内容[8]

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外部链接

  • Davis G. M., Chen C.-E., Wu C., Kuang T.-F., Xing X.-G., Li L., Liu W.-J. & Yan Y.-L. (1992). "The Pomatiopsidae of Hunan, China (Gastropoda, Rissoacea)". Malacologia 34(1-2): 143-342.
  • Guan, F.; Niu, A. O.; Attwood, S. W.; Li, Y. L.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, Y. H. Molecular phylogenetics of Triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from southern China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008, 48 (2): 702–707. PMID 18502667. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021. 
  • Liu, L.; Huo, G.-N.; He, H.-B.; Zhou, B.; Attwood, S. W. A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC进化生物学. 2014, 14: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-29.