非拉丁裔白人
非拉丁裔白人（英语：Non-Latino whites）也称非西班牙裔白人（英语：Non-Hispanic whites），根据美国人口普查局的定义，这个族裔包括欧裔美国人、中东裔美国人以及北非裔美国人。[4][5]这一名词的提出是为了对白人进行细分，与拉丁裔的白人进行区别。欧裔美国人代表着很多种族群体，包括德裔、爱尔兰裔、英格兰裔、意大利裔以及波兰裔。在美国，欧裔美国人最初是指欧洲殖民者及其后人。自19世纪以来，由于欧洲移民的输入，欧裔美国人的数量一直以来都在不断增长，特别是德国、爱尔兰、英格兰、意大利、希腊、荷兰、法国、威尔士、以及波兰、俄罗斯等国家向美国输出的移民。从文化的角度来说，非拉丁裔白人通常指使用英语的白人，而拉丁裔白人则指使用西班牙语的白人。[6]在美国的某些地区，有的时候会使用“盎格鲁裔美国人”（英语：Anglo-American）一词来指代那些以英语为母语的非拉丁裔白人。[7][8][9]
| 非拉丁裔白人 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 总人口 | |
| 204,300,000（2020年）[1] 美国总人口的61.6%（2020年）[2] 191,722,195 （2020年）（单一种族）[1] 美国总人口的57.8%（2020年）[2] | |
| 分布地区 | |
| 遍及全美，但在夏威夷州、加利福尼亚州、新墨西哥州、得克萨斯州以及大部分主要城市中并不占多数 | |
| 语言 | |
| 主要使用美式英语[3] | |
| 相关族群 | |
| 欧裔美国人 欧洲移民 |
各州数据
| 州/领地 | 1990年人口 | % | 2000年人口 | % | 2010年人口 | % | 2020年人口 | % | 2010年-2020年人口增长率 | 1990年-2020年人口占比增长率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 亚拉巴马州
|
2,960,167 | 73.3% | 3,125,819 | 70.3% | 3,204,402 | 67.0% | 3,171,351 | 65.3% | -1.0% | -11.0% |
 阿拉斯加州
|
406,722 | 73.9% | 423,788 | 67.6% | 455,320 | 64.1% | 421,758 | 57.5% | -7.4% | -22.2% |
 亚利桑那州
|
2,626,185 | 71.7% | 3,274,258 | 63.8% | 3,695,647 | 57.8% | 3,816,547 | 53.4% | +3.3% | -25.5% |
 阿肯色州
|
1,933,082 | 82.2% | 2,100,135 | 78.6% | 2,173,469 | 74.5% | 2,063,550 | 68.5% | -5.0% | -16.7% |
 加利福尼亚州
|
17,029,126 | 57.2% | 15,816,790 | 46.7% | 14,956,253 | 40.1% | 13,714,587 | 34.7% | -8.3% | -39.3% |
 科罗拉多州
|
2,658,945 | 80.7% | 3,202,880 | 74.5% | 3,520,793 | 70.0% | 3,760,663 | 65.1% | +6.8% | -19.3% |
 康涅狄格州
|
2,754,184 | 83.8% | 2,638,845 | 77.5% | 2,546,262 | 71.2% | 2,279,232 | 63.2% | -10.5% | -24.6% |
 特拉华州
|
528,092 | 79.3% | 567,973 | 72.5% | 586,752 | 65.3% | 579,851 | 58.6% | -1.2% | -26.1% |
 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
|
166,131 | 27.4% | 159,178 | 27.8% | 209,464 | 34.8% | 261,771 | 38.0% | +25.0% | +38.7% |
 佛罗里达州
|
9,475,326 | 73.2% | 10,458,509 | 65.4% | 10,884,722 | 57.9% | 11,100,503 | 51.5% | +1.2% | -29.6% |
 乔治亚州
|
4,543,425 | 70.1% | 5,128,661 | 62.6% | 5,413,920 | 55.9% | 5,362,156 | 50.1% | -1.0% | -28.5% |
 夏威夷州
|
347,644 | 31.4% | 277,091 | 22.9% | 309,343 | 22.7% | 314,365 | 21.6% | +1.6% | -31.2% |
 爱达荷州
|
928,661 | 92.2% | 1,139,291 | 88.0% | 1,316,243 | 84.0% | 1,450,523 | 81.7% | +10.2% | -11.4% |
 伊利诺伊州
|
8,550,208 | 74.8% | 8,424,140 | 67.8% | 8,167,753 | 63.7% | 7,472,751 | 58.3% | -8.5% | -22.1% |
 印第安纳州
|
4,965,242 | 89.6% | 5,219,373 | 85.8% | 5,286,453 | 81.5% | 5,266,034 | 75.5% | -0.4% | -15.7% |
 艾奥瓦州
|
2,663,840 | 95.9% | 2,710,344 | 92.6% | 2,701,123 | 88.7% | 2,638,201 | 82.7% | -6.8% | -10.9% |
 堪萨斯州
|
2,190,524 | 88.4% | 2,233,997 | 83.1% | 2,230,539 | 78.2% | 2,122,575 | 72.2% | -4.9% | -18.3% |
 肯塔基州
|
3,378,022 | 91.7% | 3,608,013 | 89.3% | 3,745,655 | 86.3% | 3,664,764 | 81.3% | -2.2% | -11.3% |
 路易斯安那州
|
2,776,022 | 65.8% | 2,794,391 | 62.5% | 2,734,884 | 60.3% | 2,596,702 | 55.8% | -5.1% | -15.2% |
 缅因州
|
1,203,357 | 98.0% | 1,230,297 | 96.5% | 1,254,297 | 94.4% | 1,245,632 | 90.2% | -2.1% | -8.0% |
 马里兰州
|
3,326,109 | 69.6% | 3,286,547 | 62.1% | 3,157,958 | 54.7% | 3,035,979 | 47.2% | -7.7% | -32.2% |
 马萨诸塞州
|
5,280,292 | 87.8% | 5,198,359 | 81.9% | 4,984,800 | 76.1% | 4,748,897 | 67.6% | -4.7% | -23.0% |
 密西根州
|
7,649,951 | 82.3% | 7,806,691 | 78.6% | 7,569,939 | 76.6% | 7,295,651 | 72.4% | -3.6% | -12% |
 明尼苏达州
|
4,101,266 | 93.7% | 4,337,143 | 88.2% | 4,405,142 | 83.1% | 4,353,880 | 79.4% | -1.2% | -15.3% |
 密西西比州
|
1,624,198 | 63.1% | 1,727,908 | 60.7% | 1,722,287 | 58.0% | 1,639,077 | 55.4% | -4.8% | -12.2% |
 密苏里州
|
4,448,465 | 86.9% | 4,686,474 | 83.8% | 4,850,748 | 81.0% | 4,663,907 | 75.8% | -3.9% | -12.8% |
 蒙大拿州
|
733,878 | 91.8% | 807,823 | 89.5% | 868,628 | 87.8% | 901,318 | 83.1% | +3.8% | -9.5% |
 内布拉斯加州
|
1,460,095 | 92.5% | 1,494,494 | 87.3% | 1,499,753 | 82.1% | 1,484,687 | 75.7% | -1.0% | -28.2% |
 内华达州
|
946,357 | 78.7% | 1,303,001 | 65.2% | 1,462,081 | 54.1% | 1,425,952 | 45.9% | -3.5% | -41.7% |
 新罕布什尔州
|
1,079,484 | 97.3% | 1,175,252 | 95.1% | 1,215,050 | 92.3% | 1,200,649 | 87.2% | -1.2% | -10.4% |
 新泽西州
|
5,718,966 | 74.0% | 5,557,209 | 66.0% | 5,214,878 | 59.3% | 4,863,535 | 51.8% | -7.6% | -30% |
 新墨西哥州
|
764,164 | 50.4% | 813,495 | 44.7% | 833,810 | 40.5% | 772,952 | 36.5% | -7.3% | -26.6% |
 纽约州
|
12,460,189 | 69.3% | 11,760,981 | 62.0% | 11,304,247 | 58.3% | 10,598,907 | 52.5% | -6.4% | -24.2% |
 北卡罗来纳州
|
4,971,127 | 75.0% | 5,647,155 | 70.2% | 6,223,995 | 65.3% | 6,312,148 | 60.5% | +1.4% | -19.3 pp |
 北达科他州
|
601,592 | 94.2% | 589,149 | 91.7% | 598,007 | 88.9% | 636,160 | 81.7% | +6.4% | -13.1% |
 俄亥俄州
|
9,444,622 | 87.1% | 9,538,111 | 84.0% | 9,359,263 | 81.1% | 8,954,135 | 75.9% | -4.3% | -12.9% |
 奥克拉荷马州
|
2,547,588 | 81.0% | 2,556,368 | 74.1% | 2,575,381 | 68.7% | 2,407,188 | 60.8% | -6.5% | -25% |
 俄勒冈州
|
2,579,732 | 90.8% | 2,857,616 | 83.5% | 3,005,848 | 78.5% | 3,036,158 | 71.7% | +1.0% | -21.0% |
 宾夕法尼亚州
|
10,422,058 | 87.7% | 10,322,455 | 84.1% | 10,094,652 | 79.5% | 9,725,769 | 73.5% | -5.4% | -16.2% |
 罗得岛州
|
896,109 | 89.3% | 858,433 | 81.9% | 803,685 | 76.4% | 754,050 | 68.7% | -6.2% | -23.1% |
 南卡罗来纳州
|
2,390,056 | 68.5% | 2,652,291 | 66.1% | 2,962,740 | 64.1% | 3,178,552 | 62.1% | +7.3% | -9.3% |
 南达科他州
|
634,788 | 91.2% | 664,585 | 88.0% | 689,502 | 84.7% | 705,583 | 79.6% | +2.3% | -12.7% |
 田纳西州
|
4,027,631 | 82.6% | 4,505,930 | 79.2% | 4,800,782 | 75.6% | 4,900,246 | 70.9% | +2.1% | -14.2% |
 德克萨斯州
|
10,291,680 | 60.6% | 10,933,313 | 52.4% | 11,397,345 | 45.3% | 11,884,773 | 39.7% | +1.6% | -34.5% |
 犹他州
|
1,571,254 | 91.2% | 1,904,265 | 85.3% | 2,221,719 | 80.4% | 2,465,355 | 75.4% | +11.0% | -17.3% |
 佛蒙特州
|
552,184 | 98.1% | 585,431 | 96.2% | 590,223 | 94.3% | 573,201 | 89.1% | -2.9% | -9.2% |
 弗吉尼亚州
|
4,701,650 | 76.0% | 4,965,637 | 70.2% | 5,186,450 | 64.8% | 5,058,363 | 58.6% | -2.5% | -29.9% |
 华盛顿州
|
4,221,622 | 86.7% | 4,652,490 | 78.9% | 4,876,804 | 72.5% | 4,918,820 | 63.8% | +0.9% | -26.4% |
 西弗吉尼亚州
|
1,718,896 | 95.8% | 1,709,966 | 94.6% | 1,726,256 | 93.2% | 1,598,834 | 89.1% | -7.4% | -7.0% |
 威斯康星州
|
4,464,677 | 91.3% | 4,681,630 | 87.3% | 4,738,411 | 83.3% | 4,634,018 | 78.6% | -2.2% | -13.9% |
 怀俄明州
|
412,711 | 91.0% | 438,799 | 88.9% | 483,874 | 85.9% | 469,664 | 81.4% | -2.9% | -10.5% |
 美属萨摩亚
|
682 | 1.2% | 611 | 1.1% | ||||||
 关岛
|
10,666 | 6.9% | 11,001 | 6.9% | ||||||
 北马里亚纳群岛
|
1,274 | 1.8% | 916 | 1.7% | ||||||
 波多黎各
|
33,966 | 0.9% | 26,946 | 0.7% | 24,548 | 0.8% | -8.9% | |||
 美属维尔京群岛
|
8,580 | 7.9% | 3,830 | 3.6% | ||||||
 全美
|
188,128,296 | 75.6% | 194,552,774 | 69.1% | 196,817,552 | 63.7% | 191,697,647 | 57.8% | -2.6% | –23.5% |
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. United State census bureau. [2022-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 HANSI LO WANG. This Is How The White Population Is Actually Changing Based On New Census Data. NPR. [2022-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-15）.
- ^ Table 53. Languages Spoken At Home by Language: 2009, The 2012 Statistical Abstract (U.S. Census Bureau), [2011-12-27], （原始内容存档于2007-12-25）
- ^ White persons, percent, 2000. 4 January 2011 [19 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 January 2011）.
- ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau. [19 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-09）.
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- ^ Oxford English Dictionary: "Anglo" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） North American A white English-speaking person of British or northern European origin, in particular (in the U.S.) as distinct from a Hispanic American or (in Canada) as distinct from a French-speaker.
- ^ Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of Anglo in English: It is defined as a synonym for Anglo-American--Page 86
- ^ Anglo - Definitions from Dictionary.com; American Heritage Dictionary. Lexico Publishing Group. [2008-03-29]. （原始内容存档于15 March 2008）.
Usage Note: In contemporary American usage, Anglo is used primarily in direct contrast to Hispanic or Latino. In this context it is not limited to persons of English or even British descent, but can be generally applied to any non-Hispanic white person, making mother tongue (in this case English) the primary factor. Thus in parts of the United States such as the Southwest United States with large Hispanic populations, an American of Polish, Irish, or German heritage might be termed an Anglo just as readily as a person of English descent. However, in parts of the country where the Hispanic community is smaller or nonexistent, or in areas where ethnic distinctions among European groups remain strong, Anglo has little currency as a catch-all term for non-Hispanic whites. Anglo is also used in non-Hispanic contexts. In Canada, where its usage dates at least to 1800, the distinction is between persons of English and French descent. And in American historical contexts Anglo is apt to be used more strictly to refer to persons of English heritage, as in this passage describing the politics of nation-building in pre-Revolutionary America: "The 'unity' of the American people derived ... from the ability and willingness of an Anglo elite to stamp its image on other peoples coming to this country" (Benjamin Schwarz).
- ^ 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. American FactFinder, U.S. Census Bureau. [23 March 2014]. （原始内容存档于12 February 2020）.
- ^ 2010 Census. Census.gov. [2017-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-22）.
- ^ Data. data.census.gov. [2020-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-01）.
- ^ 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer. US Census Bureau. [24 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-12）.
- ^ Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. US Census Bureau. [24 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15）.