rVSV-ZEBOV

rVSV-ZEBOV疫苗
	伊波拉病毒与rVSV-ZEBOV疫苗
疫苗说明
目标	萨伊伊波拉病毒
种类	重组疫苗
临床资料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Ervebo
其他名称	V920, rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine
AHFS/Drugs.com	专业药物信息
核准状况	欧 EMA: yes; 美 DailyMed: Ervebo;
给药途径	肌肉注射
ATC码	J07BX02 (WHO) ;
法律规范状态
法律规范	欧：Rx-only; 美：处方药（℞-only）; 处方药（℞-only）;
识别信息
CAS号	2581749-86-0
DrugBank	DB15595 ;
ChemSpider	none;
UNII	Y9VG7O3KTT;

rVSV-ZEBOV全名重组水泡性口炎病毒-萨伊伊波拉病毒（Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus），又称伊波拉病毒活毒疫苗（Ebola Zaire vaccine live），商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）为Ervebo，是抗萨伊伊波拉病毒、避免人类伊波拉出血热的疫苗^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]，在疫区对人群进行环形免疫接种（英语：ring vaccination）可有效缓解疫情^[7]^[8]^[9]。此疫苗为一重组病毒载体疫苗^[10]，成分为经基因重组、表现萨伊伊波拉病毒糖蛋白的水泡性口炎病毒（英语：Vesicular stomatitis virus）颗粒，因而可刺激人体产生对抗伊波拉病毒的免疫反应^[3]^[11]。

此疫苗最初由加拿大国家微生物实验室研究团队开发，于2003年申请专利^[12]^[13]，2010年授权小型制药公司Newlink Genetics继续研发，2014年后者又将专利售予默克药厂^[14]。2019年此疫苗获美国与欧盟批准使用^[4]^[15]^[11]^[16]。2018年刚果赤道省伊波拉出血热爆发中此疫苗首次被用于控制伊波拉疫情^[17]，不久后又在该国基伍地区的严重疫情中被大量使用^[9]。

约有半数此疫苗的施打者出现轻度至中度的副作用，包括头痛、疲倦、肌肉酸痛等^[7]。

参考文献

^ Monath TP, Fast PE, Modjarrad K, et al. rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (also designated V920) recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola Zaire Glycoprotein: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment. Vaccine: X. April 2019, 1. 100009. PMC 6668225  . PMID 31384731. doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100009  .
^ Ebola Vaccine: Information about Ervebo. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). February 26, 2020 [April 16, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-16）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Ervebo (Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live) Suspension for intramuscular injection (PDF). Merck Sharp & Dohme. [2022-11-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-29）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Ervebo EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). October 16, 2019 [March 29, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
^ Trad MA, Naughton W, Yeung A, et al. Ebola virus disease: An update on current prevention and management strategies. Journal of Clinical Virology. January 2017, 86: 5–13. PMID 27893999. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.005  . hdl:10144/618818  .
^ Pavot V. Ebola virus vaccines: Where do we stand?. Clinical Immunology. December 2016, 173: 44–49. PMID 27910805. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.016.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Medaglini, D; Siegrist, CA. Immunomonitoring of human responses to the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine.. Current Opinion in Virology. April 2017, 23: 88–94. PMID 28460340. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.008  .
^ Mole, Beth. As Ebola outbreak rages, vaccine is 97.5% effective, protecting over 90K people. Ars Technica. April 16, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-19）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Ebola Ring Vaccination Results April 12, 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) (报告). April 12, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-06）.
^ Marzi, Andrea; et al. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Ebola Vaccines With Improved Cross-Protective Efficacy. Journal of Infectious Diseases. November 2011, 204 (suppl 3): S1066–S1074. PMC 3203393  . PMID 21987743. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir348.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Choi MJ, Cossaboom CM, Whitesell AN, Dyal JW, Joyce A, Morgan RL, et al. Use of Ebola Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020 (PDF). MMWR Recommendations and Reports. January 2021, 70 (1): 1–12 [2022-11-06]. PMC 7802368  . PMID 33417593. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7001a1  . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-20）.
^ Grady, Denise. Ebola Vaccine, Ready for Test, Sat on the Shelf. The New York Times. October 23, 2014 [December 21, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-14）.
^ Jones SM, Feldmann H, Ströher U, Geisbert JB, Fernando L, Grolla A, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nature Medicine. July 2005, 11 (7): 786–90. PMID 15937495. S2CID 5450135. doi:10.1038/nm1258.
^ Merck & Co. Licenses NewLink's Ebola Vaccine Candidate. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. November 24, 2014 [January 20, 2016]. （原始内容存档于May 18, 2018）.
^ First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (新闻稿). December 19, 2019 [December 19, 2019]. （原始内容存档于December 20, 2019）.
^ Ervebo. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). December 19, 2019 [March 28, 2020]. STN: 125690. （原始内容存档于2020-04-29）.
^ McKenzie, David. Fear and failure: How Ebola sparked a global health revolution. CNN. May 26, 2018 [May 26, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-26）.

[1] Monath TP, Fast PE, Modjarrad K, et al. rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (also designated V920) recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola Zaire Glycoprotein: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment. Vaccine: X. April 2019, 1. 100009. PMC 6668225  . PMID 31384731. doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100009  .

[2] Ebola Vaccine: Information about Ervebo. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). February 26, 2020 [April 16, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-16）.

[Ervebo_FDA_label-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Ervebo (Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live) Suspension for intramuscular injection (PDF). Merck Sharp & Dohme. [2022-11-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-29）.

[Ervebo_EPAR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Ervebo EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). October 16, 2019 [March 29, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[5] Trad MA, Naughton W, Yeung A, et al. Ebola virus disease: An update on current prevention and management strategies. Journal of Clinical Virology. January 2017, 86: 5–13. PMID 27893999. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.005  . hdl:10144/618818  .

[6] Pavot V. Ebola virus vaccines: Where do we stand?. Clinical Immunology. December 2016, 173: 44–49. PMID 27910805. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.016.

[Medaglini2017-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Medaglini, D; Siegrist, CA. Immunomonitoring of human responses to the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine.. Current Opinion in Virology. April 2017, 23: 88–94. PMID 28460340. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.008  .

[ars-2019-04-16-8] Mole, Beth. As Ebola outbreak rages, vaccine is 97.5% effective, protecting over 90K people. Ars Technica. April 16, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-19）.

[WHO-12-april-2019-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Ebola Ring Vaccination Results April 12, 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) (报告). April 12, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-06）.

[JIDpaper-10] Marzi, Andrea; et al. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Ebola Vaccines With Improved Cross-Protective Efficacy. Journal of Infectious Diseases. November 2011, 204 (suppl 3): S1066–S1074. PMC 3203393  . PMID 21987743. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir348.

[CDC_MMWR_ACIP-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Choi MJ, Cossaboom CM, Whitesell AN, Dyal JW, Joyce A, Morgan RL, et al. Use of Ebola Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020 (PDF). MMWR Recommendations and Reports. January 2021, 70 (1): 1–12 [2022-11-06]. PMC 7802368  . PMID 33417593. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7001a1  . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-20）.

[NYT2014-Oct-12] Grady, Denise. Ebola Vaccine, Ready for Test, Sat on the Shelf. The New York Times. October 23, 2014 [December 21, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-14）.

[Jones2005-13] Jones SM, Feldmann H, Ströher U, Geisbert JB, Fernando L, Grolla A, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nature Medicine. July 2005, 11 (7): 786–90. PMID 15937495. S2CID 5450135. doi:10.1038/nm1258.

[GEN2014-14] Merck & Co. Licenses NewLink's Ebola Vaccine Candidate. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. November 24, 2014 [January 20, 2016]. （原始内容存档于May 18, 2018）.

[FDA_PR-15] First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (新闻稿). December 19, 2019 [December 19, 2019]. （原始内容存档于December 20, 2019）.

[16] Ervebo. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). December 19, 2019 [March 28, 2020]. STN: 125690. （原始内容存档于2020-04-29）.

[17] McKenzie, David. Fear and failure: How Ebola sparked a global health revolution. CNN. May 26, 2018 [May 26, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-26）.

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