察合台汗
维基媒体列表条目
察合台汗是察合台汗國的可汗，第一任可汗是成吉思汗次子察合台，1227年察合台獲得原屬西遼的封地。1680年察合台系的葉爾羌汗國被蒙古準噶爾汗國吞併，該汗位終止。
注意：以下列表並不完整，且有時會不完全準確。而且此列表未包含一些只統治了很少或不太重要的土地的察合台旁系。
察合台汗列表
| Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Khan خان |
察合台 چغتائی خان |
1224–1242 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
哈剌旭烈 قارا ہلاکو |
1242–1246 C.E. 1st Reign |
| Khan خان |
也速蒙哥 یہسو مونکو |
1246–1251 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
木八剌沙 مبارک شاہ His mother Orqina Khatun was regent during this time |
1252–1260 C.E. 1st Reign |
| Khan خان |
阿魯忽 الغو |
1260–1266 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
木八剌沙 مبارک شاہ |
1266 C.E. 2nd Reign |
| Khan خان |
八剌 غیاث الدین باراق |
1266–1271 C.E. |
| 海都 及其子察八兒從1270年至1304年為實際統治的汗王。當時察合台汗為他們所扶立，其實是他們的傀儡，但是當他們嘗試實質統治，察合台汗都會反抗。 | ||
| Khan خان |
聶古伯 نہگوبائی Under Kaidu bin Kashin |
1271–1272 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
禿里帖木兒 بغا تیمور بن قداقچی Under Kaidu bin Kashin |
1272 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
篤哇 دووا Under Kaidu bin Kashin & Chapar bin Kaidu |
1272–1306 C.E. |
| Restoration of Chagatai Khanate independence. | ||
| Khan خان |
寬闍 دووا |
1306–1308 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
塔里忽 کونچہک |
1308–1309 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
也先不花 تالقو بن قداقچی |
1310–1320 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
怯別 قبق بن دووا |
1320–1326 C.E. 1st Reign |
| Khan خان |
燕只吉台 ایشان بغا |
1326–1329 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
都來帖木兒 قبق بن دووا |
1329–1330 C.E. 2nd Reign |
| Khan خان |
答兒麻失里 ? |
1330–1334 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
不贊 دووا تیمور |
1334–1335 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
敞失 علاء الدین تارماشیریں |
1335–1338 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
也孫帖木兒 بوزان |
1338–1342 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
阿里算端 چانگشی |
1342 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
麻哈沒的 یسون تیمور |
1342–1343 C.E. |
| Khan خان |
合贊算端 علی سلطان |
1343-1346 C.E. |
| During Amir Qazaghan's reign the Chagatai Khanate devolved into a loose confederation of tribes. This resulted in the Division of the Empire in 1347 C.E. into the Western Chagatai Khanate and Eastern part known as Moghulistan under Tughlugh Timur. | ||
- Blue Rows Signifies Nominal Rule.
西察合台汗國和東察合台汗國可汗
| 西察合台汗國 | 東察合台汗國 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 答失蠻察 بیان قلی Under Amir Qazaghan & Abdullah bin Qazaghan 1348–1358 C.E. |
禿忽魯帖木兒 تغلق تیمور 1347–1360 C.E. | |||
| 拜延忽里 شاہ تیمور Under Abdullah bin Qazaghan 1358 C.E. |
||||
| 禿忽魯帖木兒 تغلق تیمور (Tribes of Chagatai Khanate rebelled against Abdullah bin Qazaghan who was of the Qara'unas forcing him to retreat but the coalition of Suldus under Buyan Suldus and Barlas under Hajji Beg collapsed; anarchy reigned in Chagatai Khanate. This power vacuum allowed Tughlugh Timur to move in without much resistance only Hajji Beg who was defiant had to make his escape. Tughlugh Timur then appointed Timur Gurkani as Chief of Barlas tribe and returned to his capital. However he was back in the region next year with the view of removing most Amirs and to consolidate his grip on his new conquered territory. He executed several amirs, including Amir Bayazid and Buyan Suldus. The son of Abdullah bin Qazaghan named Amir Husayn was the new Chief of the Qara'unas and resisted the powerful King of Moghulistan but was also defeated, however he would return after the king's death.Tughlugh Timur before leaving for his capital left his son Ilyas Khoja as viceroy of Chagatai Khanate region. The ruthlessness with which the Moghuls ruled the region caused many to oppose them, including Amir Husayn of the Qara'unas and Timur of the Barlas. Together they faced an army of Moghuls and local tribes loyal to Ilyas Khoja, and defeated them. Shortly afterwards, Tughlugh Timur died and Ilyas Khoja left for Moghulistan to take power. The tribes nominated and placed Adil-Sultan as nominal Khan of Chagatai Khanate. 1360–1363 C.E. | ||||
| 阿的勒算端 عادل سلطان Under Tribal Confederation of Amir Husayn and Amir Timur 1363 C.E. |
也里牙思火者 الیاس خوجہ 1363–1368 C.E. | |||
| 合不勒沙 خابول شاہ Under Amir Husayn 1364–1370 C.E. |
哈馬兒丁 قمر الدین خان دغلت Usurper 1368–1392 C.E. | |||
| 昔兀兒海迷失 Under Amir Timur 1370–1384 C.E. |
||||
| 麻哈沒的算端 سلطان محمود خان Under Amir Timur. Sultan Mahmud's death in 1402 marked the effective end of the line of Chagatai Khans in Transoxiana, who had long been mere figureheads and the rise of Timurid dynasty. 1384–1402 C.E. |
黑的兒火者 خضر خوجہ 1389–1399 | |||
- Transoxiana remained in the hands of Timur and his successors. For Continued list of Rulers of Moghulistan See below.
東察合台汗國可汗列表
| Titular Name(s) | Personal Name | Reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khan خان |
禿忽魯帖木兒 تغلق تیمور |
1348–1363 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
也里牙思火者 الیاس خوجہ |
1363–1368 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
哈馬兒丁 قمر الدین خان دغلت |
1368–1392 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
黑的兒火者 خضر خوجہ |
1389–1399 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
沙迷查干 شمس جہان |
1399–1408 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
馬哈麻 محمد خان |
1408–1415 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
納黑失只罕 نقش جہان |
1415–1418 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
歪思汗 اویس خان |
1418–1421 C.E. 1st reign | |
| Khan خان |
失兒馬黑麻 شیر محمد |
1421–1425 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
歪思汗 اویس خان |
1425–1429 C.E. 2nd reign | |
| Khan خان |
薩圖克 ستوق خان |
1429–1434 C.E. | |
| Khan خان |
也先不花二世 ایشان بغا ثانی |
1429–1462 C.E. | |
| Division of Moghulistan into Western Moghulistan and eastern Uyghurstan. | |||
- Green shaded row signifies rule of Usurper.
東察合台汗國東部吐魯番汗國和西部葉爾羌汗國可汗
| 蒙兀兒斯坦 | 吐魯番汗國 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 羽奴思 یونس خان 1462–1469 C.E. |
篤思忒馬黑麻 دوست محمد خان 1462–1468 C.E. | |||
| 怯別二世 قبق سلطان 1469 C.E. | ||||
| 羽奴思 یونس خان 1469–1487 C.E. | ||||
| 速檀馬哈木 محمود خان 1487–1508 C.E. |
速檀阿黑麻 احمد الاچ 1487–1503 C.E. | |||
| 速檀滿速兒 منصور خان 1503–1508 C.E. | ||||
| 速檀滿速兒 منصور خان 1508–1514 C.E. | ||||
| 賽德 سلطان سعید خان 1514–1533 C.E. |
速檀滿速兒 منصور خان 1514–1548 C.E. | |||
| 拉失德 عبد الرشید خان 1533–1560 C.E. |
沙汗 شاہ خان 1543–1560 C.E. | |||
| 阿不都哈林 عبد الکریم خان 1560-1591 C.E. |
馬速 محمد خان ابن منصور خان 1570 C.E. | |||
| Sultan Sa'id Khan after defeating Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat established the Altishaher or union of 6 cities, a much reduced western half of Moghulistan. By this time the western half was referred to as Kashgaria and eastern half was referred to as Uyghurstan. During the reign of Abdur-Rashid Khan a certain Naqshbandi Sufi teacher Ahmad Kasan (1462–1542), known as Makhdum-i-Azam (the Great Master) came to Kashgar from Samarkand. His descendants, known as Makhdum Zadas and bearing title "Khoja", would play an important role in the history of the region from 16th–19th centuries. Makhdum's eldest son Muhammad Amin's (d.1598), son Muhammad Yūsuf settled in Kashgar and his son Khoja Hidayatullah better known as Afaq Khoja became the founder of the Afaqiya Sufi order (tariqa), and his followers became known as the Aq Taghliks, those of the "White Mountains", because of their close approximation to Tangri Tagh (Tian Shan). Makhdum's second son, Muhammad Ishaq Wali (d.1599), founder of Ishaqiya Sufi order, with his followers established themselves in Yarkand and became known as the Qara Taghliks, those of the "Black Mountains", because of their close approximation to the Pamir, Karakoram and Kunlun. The Kashgaria region gradually devolved into small city states with the Khojas as rivals post 1570 C.E. | ||||
葉爾羌汗國可汗
- 賽德生於吐魯番，葉爾羌汗國創建者，東亦力把里汗阿黑麻之子。滿速兒是他兄弟。
- 拉失德 (in Aksu 1521–1533) 1533–1560
- 阿不都哈林 (Khotan 1533–1588; Turfan 1570–1588) 1571–1588
- 馬黑麻 1560–1591
- 阿黑麻 (in Turfan 1588–1591) 1591–1610
- 忽來失速檀 1610–1627
- 阿布杜拉提甫
- 速檀阿黑麻 (Pulad Khan) 1627–1632
- 克雷奇汗(Qilich Khan) 1632–1635
- 速檀阿黑麻 (葉爾羌) (Pulad Khan)(restored) 1634–1638
- 阿不都拉哈汗 (in Turfan 1634/5-1638/9) 1638–1669 d. 1675
- 堯勒瓦斯 1669
- 阿不都·拉提夫 (in Aksu 1666–1670) 1669
- 伊思瑪業勒 1669–1680
- 阿卜都里什特 (in Turfan 1680–1682) 1678–1681
葉爾羌國後代歸附 和卓，一個受到蒙古準噶爾部影響的維吾爾人聯盟。
吐魯番汗國速檀(蘇丹)
- 速檀阿黑麻，明代吐魯番汗國第一任可汗，伊斯蘭教尊號速檀（蘇丹）。
- 速檀滿速兒，明代吐魯番汗國第二任可汗，伊斯蘭教尊號速檀（蘇丹）。
- 沙汗 1543–1570
- 馬速 吐魯番汗國第四任可汗，伊斯蘭教尊號速檀（蘇丹）。速檀阿黑麻的孫子，沙汗堂弟。1565年，沙汗與瓦剌作戰，戰死沙場。馬速王子自立為汗。1570年，葉爾羌汗國可汗阿不都克木（賽德之孫，馬速堂侄），派弟弟四個弟弟瑣非、馬黑麻、阿布撒亦和忽來失率軍東征，攻入吐魯番，俘虜馬速汗，吐魯番汗國（東察合台汗國正支汗統）滅亡。（一說以葉爾羌汗國亡國的1680年為東察合台汗國滅亡時間）。
被葉爾羌汗國吞併
外部連結
註解
參見
參考資料
- Godrich, L. Carrington; Fang, Chaoying (編), Ḥājjī `Ali, Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644. Volume I (A-L), Columbia University Press: 479–480, 1976 [2013-11-09], ISBN 0-231-03801-1, （原始內容存檔於2015-05-12）