細菌微區室

細菌微區室(英語:Bacterial microcompartment,BMC)是細菌中一種類胞器的結構,為多種蛋白質組成的複合體[2][3][4][5][6],由外層的結構蛋白包裹內部的酵素,外型呈正二十面體或近似正二十面體,直徑一般介於40至200奈米之間。微區室外層的結構蛋白有類似膜的功能,將內外物質分隔,並可選擇性地讓部分物質進出[4][7][8]

細菌微區室的結構示意圖
化學自營細菌Halothiobacillus neapolitanus的羧酶體(電子顯微鏡圖像),比例尺為100奈米[1]

羧酶體為最早被發現的細菌微區室,可促進固碳作用的微區室,內含RuBisCO碳酸酐酶兩種酵素,此微區室是1950年代研究人員使用電子顯微鏡觀察藍菌時發現[9],並於1973年被命名[10]。1990年代以前僅知自營細菌具有微區室,隨後漸在多種異營細菌中發現參與其他代謝作用的微區室,通稱為代謝體(metabolosome)[11][12]。不同種類的細菌微區室中的酵素不同,但外殼結構蛋白相似,一般構成蛋白六聚體(或擬六聚體)後再組成二十面體的外殼。

細菌微區室的功能示意圖:(A)自營細菌的羧酶體;(B)異營細菌的代謝體[13]

參見


參考文獻

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