間氯苯基哌嗪
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間氯苯基哌嗪(英語縮寫mCPP)是一種苯基哌嗪類精神活性藥物。它最初於1970年代末開發並用於科學研究,然後在2000年代中期作為設計師藥物出售。[4][5]該藥物被發現存在於多種物質里,包括在新西蘭被吹捧為非法興奮劑的合法替代品藥丸以及在歐洲和美國作為「搖頭丸」出售的藥丸。[6][7]
臨床資料 | |
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給藥途徑 | 口服給藥、鼻內給藥、直腸給藥 |
ATC碼 |
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法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 | |
藥物動力學數據 | |
藥物代謝 | 肝(CYP2D6)[1] |
生物半衰期 | 4至14小時[1][2] |
排泄途徑 | 尿 |
識別資訊 | |
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CAS號 | 6640-24-0 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.026.959 |
化學資訊 | |
化學式 | C10H13ClN2 |
摩爾質量 | 196.68 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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儘管間氯苯基哌嗪在廣告中被宣傳為一種娛樂物質,但實際上人們普遍認為吸食間氯苯基哌嗪是一種不愉快的體驗,吸毒者並不想要這種體驗。[6]它缺乏任何強化作用,但具有精神興奮、引發焦慮和致幻作用。[8][9][10][11]它會對齧齒動物和人類產生煩躁、抑鬱和焦慮作用,[12][13]並可能在易感個體中引起驚恐發作。[14][15][16][17]它還會加劇患有這種疾病的人的強迫症狀。[18][19][20]
間氯苯基哌嗪已知會引起頭痛,並已用於測試潛在的抗偏頭痛藥物。[21][22][23]它具有有效的厭食作用,並促進了選擇性5-HT2C受體激動劑的開發,用於治療肥胖症。[24][25][26][27]
參考資料
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- ^ Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB. The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. 2017: 460–. ISBN 978-1-58562-523-9.
- ^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União. 2023-07-24 (2023-07-25) [2023-08-27]. (原始內容存檔於2023-08-27) (巴西葡萄牙語).
- ^ Bossong MG, Van Dijk JP, Niesink RJ. Methylone and mCPP, two new drugs of abuse?. Addiction Biology. December 2005, 10 (4): 321–323. PMID 16318952. S2CID 36169592. doi:10.1080/13556210500350794. (原始內容存檔於2013-01-05).
- ^ Lecompte Y, Evrard I, Arditti J. [Metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP): a new designer drug]. Therapie. 2006, 61 (6): 523–530. PMID 17348609. doi:10.2515/therapie:2006093 (法語).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Bossong MG, Brunt TM, Van Dijk JP, Rigter SM, Hoek J, Goldschmidt HM, Niesink RJ. mCPP: an undesired addition to the ecstasy market. Journal of Psychopharmacology. September 2010, 24 (9): 1395–1401. PMID 19304863. S2CID 11186375. doi:10.1177/0269881109102541.
- ^ Vogels N, Brunt TM, Rigter S, van Dijk P, Vervaeke H, Niesink RJ. Content of ecstasy in the Netherlands: 1993-2008. Addiction. December 2009, 104 (12): 2057–2066. PMID 19804461. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02707.x .
- ^ World Health Organization. 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP) - Expert peer review on pre-review report (PDF). [2021-01-12]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-09-01).
- ^ Tancer ME, Johanson CE. The subjective effects of MDMA and mCPP in moderate MDMA users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. December 2001, 65 (1): 97–101. PMID 11714594. doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00146-6.
- ^ Tancer M, Johanson CE. Reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of MDMA in humans: a comparison with d-amphetamine and mCPP. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. October 2003, 72 (1): 33–44. PMID 14563541. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00172-8.
- ^ Nelson DL, Lucaites VL, Wainscott DB, Glennon RA. Comparisons of hallucinogenic phenylisopropylamine binding affinities at cloned human 5-HT2A, -HT(2B) and 5-HT2C receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. January 1999, 359 (1): 1–6. PMID 9933142. S2CID 20150858. doi:10.1007/pl00005315.
- ^ Rajkumar R, Pandey DK, Mahesh R, Radha R. 1-(m-Chlorophenyl)piperazine induces depressogenic-like behaviour in rodents by stimulating the neuronal 5-HT(2A) receptors: proposal of a modified rodent antidepressant assay. European Journal of Pharmacology. April 2009, 608 (1–3): 32–41. PMID 19269287. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.02.041.
- ^ Kennett GA, Whitton P, Shah K, Curzon G. Anxiogenic-like effects of mCPP and TFMPP in animal models are opposed by 5-HT1C receptor antagonists. European Journal of Pharmacology. May 1989, 164 (3): 445–454. PMID 2767117. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(89)90252-5.
- ^ Klein E, Zohar J, Geraci MF, Murphy DL, Uhde TW. Anxiogenic effects of m-CPP in patients with panic disorder: comparison to caffeine's anxiogenic effects. Biological Psychiatry. November 1991, 30 (10): 973–984 [2024-04-11]. PMID 1756202. S2CID 43010184. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90119-7. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-15).
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- ^ Van Veen JF, Van der Wee NJ, Fiselier J, Van Vliet IM, Westenberg HG. Behavioural effects of rapid intravenous administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and healthy controls. European Neuropsychopharmacology. October 2007, 17 (10): 637–642. PMID 17481859. S2CID 41601926. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.03.005.
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- ^ Broocks A, Pigott TA, Hill JL, Canter S, Grady TA, L'Heureux F, Murphy DL. Acute intravenous administration of ondansetron and m-CPP, alone and in combination, in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): behavioral and biological results. Psychiatry Research. June 1998, 79 (1): 11–20 [2024-04-11]. PMID 9676822. S2CID 30339598. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00029-8. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-15).
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