高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽
高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽是一類高碘酸根配位至鎳形成的配位化合物,其中鎳為+4價,為強氧化劑,可以將溴酸鹽氧化至高溴酸鹽。
高碘酸鎳鈉NaNiIO6·0.5H2O和高碘酸鎳鉀KNiIO6·0.5H2O在1946年[1]由P. Ray和B. Sarma發現,它們是暗紫色的物質,[2]可由過硫酸鹽在沸水中氧化混有高碘酸鉀(或高碘酸鈉)的硫酸鎳得到。[2]用其它鹼金屬鹽還能得到RbNiIO6·0.5H2O、CsNiIO6·0.5H2O或NH4NiIO6·0.5H2O。這些晶體難溶於水、酸或鹼。[3]在製備反應中,臭氧也可用作氧化劑。[3]配合物的顏色是由於吸收的可見光波長小於800 nm,峰值在540 nm。[3]它們的晶體空間群為P312。含錳、鍺、錫或鉛的混合高碘酸根配合物與之同構。[3]
二高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽也稱二羥基二高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽,[4]由兩個高碘酸根陰離子配位至+4價的鎳原子。[Ni(OH)2[IO5OH]2]6−和鈉形成棕色的化合物 Na4H2[Ni(OH)2[IO5OH]2]·6H2O,以及Na5H[Ni(OH)2[IO5OH]2]·H2O[1]和橙色的鈷鹽[Co(en)3]2Ni(OH)2[IO5OH]2。[5][6]鈀、銅、銀、金、釕和鋨的二高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽類似物也是存在的。[5]二高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽是強氧化劑,可溶於鹼性的水溶液中。在溶液中,根據pH和濃度不同存在[Ni(OH)2[IO3(OH)3]2]2−和[Ni(OH)2[IO3(OH)3][IO4(OH)2]]3−離子。[7]它將溴酸鹽氧化至高溴酸鹽的化學性質是罕見的,能夠完成這一反應的氧化劑很少。反應中,四價鎳會被還原為三價,並放出羥基自由基與溴酸根反應。Ni(III)將BrO42−轉化之BrO4−。[7]固體單高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽KNiIO6·0.5H2O在氫氧化鉀和高碘酸鉀的混合溶液中溶解,生成二高碘酸根合鎳酸鹽的溶液。[8]
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 注釋:(1)英語維基百科原文是1949年;(2)英語維基百科原文是Na5[Ni(OH)2[IO5OH]2]·H2O。這兩處可能是筆誤。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Ray, P.; Sarma, B. Tetrapositive Nickel as Alkali Nickel Periodates. Nature. 11 May 1946, 157 (3993): 627. Bibcode:1946Natur.157..627R. doi:10.1038/157627a0.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Currie, David B.; Levason, William; Oldroyd, Richard D.; Weller, Mark T. Synthesis, spectroscopic and structural studies of alkali metal–nickel periodates MNilO6(M = Na, K, Rb, Cs or NH4). J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994, (9): 1483–1487. doi:10.1039/DT9940001483.
- ^ Li, Zhi-Ting; Chang, Qing; Li, Bao-Wen; Yang, Li-Ting; Wang, An-Zhou. Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Ethylenediamine by Dihydroxydiperidatonickelate(Ⅳ) Complex Ion in Alkaline Medium. May 2000 [3 June 2016]. (原始內容存檔於2019-01-23).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Dengel, Andrew C.; El-Hendawy, Ahmed M.; Griffith, William P.; Mostafa, Sahar I.; Williams, David J. Transition-metal periodato complexes. Their preparations and properties as catalytic oxidants, and X-ray crystal structure of Na4 K[Au{IO5(OH)}2]·KOH·15H2O. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1992, (24): 3489–3495. doi:10.1039/DT9920003489.
- ^ Mukherjee, H. G.; Mandal, Bhansidhar; De, Shyamali. Preparation and studies of the complex periodatoferrate (III) hexahydrate and periodatonickelate (IV) monohydrate. Chemischer Informationsdienst. 9 October 1984, 15 (41). not consulted
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Bilehal, Dinesh C.; Kulkarni, Raviraj M.; Nandibewoor, Sharanappa T. Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Bromate by Diperiodatonickelate(IV) in Aqueous Alkaline Medium--A Simple Method for Formation of Perbromate. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms. January 2002, 4 (1–2): 103–109. doi:10.1080/1028662021000020244.
- ^ Hiremath, Chanabasayya V.; Hiremath, Deepak C.; Nandibewoor, Sharanappa T. Ruthenium(III) catalysed oxidation of gabapentin (neurontin) by diperiodatonickelate(IV) in aqueous alkaline medium: A kinetic and mechanistic study. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. May 2007, 269 (1–2): 246–253. doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2007.01.024.