文化權利
此條目目前正依照其他維基百科上的內容進行翻譯。 (2018年7月6日) |
文化權利保障了選擇、創作和鑒賞文化藝術的權利。
文化保護
Gregory Paul Meyjes提出了可交互的文化交流，而不是將文化保護作為目的的本身，更多地關注文化群體之間「生態」關係的實現，作為公平互動的條件和有機文化變革的能力。 [1][2] 民族文化和跨文化主義——他將社會和制度政策定義為在機構，群體，法律效力範圍下，監管機構或政策限制範圍內尋求適應少數群體及其成員的文化特定權利和態度的社會和制度政策。 或有關社會的普遍化問題。[3]
群體文化保護
Cultural rights of groups focus on such things as religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies that are in danger of disappearing. Cultural rights include a group’s ability to preserve its way of life, such as child rearing, continuation of language, and security of its economic base in the nation, which it is located. The related notion of indigenous intellectual property rights (IPR) has arisen in attempt to conserve each society’s culture base and essentially prevent ethnocide.
The cultural rights movement has been popularized because much traditional cultural knowledge has commercial value, like ethno-medicine, cosmetics, cultivated plants, foods, folklore, arts, crafts, songs, dances, costumes, and rituals. Studying ancient cultures may reveal evidence about the history of the human race and shed more light on our origin and successive cultural development. However, the study, sharing and commercialization of such cultural aspects can be hard to achieve without infringing upon the cultural rights of those who are a part of that culture.
Cultural rights should be taken into consideration also by local policies. In that sense, the Agenda 21 for culture, the first document with worldwide mission that advocates establishing the groundwork of an undertaking by cities and local governments for cultural development, includes as cultural rights as one of the principles and states: 「Local governments recognize that cultural rights are an integral part of human rights, taking as their reference the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)」.[4]
人類文化學
"Cultural rights are vested not in individuals but in groups, such as religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies." All cultures are brought up differently, therefore cultural rights include a group's ability to preserve its culture, to raise its children in the ways it forebears, to continue its language, and to not be deprived of its economic base by the nation in which it is located." Anthropologists sometimes choose not to study some cultures beliefs and rights, because they believe that it may cause misbehavior, and they choose not to turn against different diversities of cultures. Although anthropologists sometimes do turn away from studying different cultures they still depend a lot on what they study at different archaeological sites.
參考來源
- ^ Meyjes 1999，第9頁
- ^ Meyjes 2012，第407頁
- ^ Meyjes 2012，第12, 381ff.頁
- ^ Agenda 21 for culture. [2020-10-11]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-27）.
- Meyjes, Gregory Paul P. Language and Universalization: a ‘Linguistic Ecology’ Reading of Bahá’í Writ. The Journal of Bahá’í Studies. Volume IX (1). Ottawa: Association for Bahá』í Studies. 1999: 51–63.
- Meyjes, Gregory Paul P. Multi-Ethnic Conflicts in U.S. Military Theatres Overseas: Intercultural Imperatives. Franke, Volker; Dorff, Robert H. (編). Conflict Management: A Tool for U.S. National Security Strategy (PDF). Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. 2012: 381–438 [2018-07-06]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-03-02）.
- Cultural Rights in the 20th Century" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Homi Bhabha and John Gray (In Our Time, Dec. 10. 1998)