白嘴潛鳥
白嘴潛鳥(中國大陸作黃嘴潛鳥,台灣作白嘴潛鳥)(學名:Gavia adamsii),是潛鳥科中體型最大的一種,體長77-100厘米,平均體重為5.3公斤,翼展為135-160厘米。
白嘴潛鳥 | |
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攝於阿拉斯加 | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 鳥綱 Aves |
目: | 潛鳥目 Gaviiformes |
科: | 潛鳥科 Gaviidae |
屬: | 潛鳥屬 Gavia |
種: | 白嘴潛鳥 G. adamsii
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二名法 | |
Gavia adamsii (Gray, 1859)
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分佈範圍 繁殖分佈 冬季分佈
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體貌
嘴上揚,上顎有淺色中線,頭較上身色淺。有白色頸環。頭和身體呈流線型,有利於潛水捕魚,在岸上則十分笨拙。虹膜呈紅色;嘴呈象牙色;腳呈黑色。叫聲似哭又似笑。在海上無聲,但在繁殖地會發出假聲的尖叫。
白嘴潛鳥體重約4944.34克,翼長約371.4毫米,嘴峰長約104.8毫米,喙寬度約10.4毫米,喙厚度約24.1毫米,跗蹠長約84.6毫米,尾長約60.8毫米。白嘴潛鳥是候鳥,其棲息在開放的湖泊、沼澤等濕地環境中,食性為肉食性,主要食物來源是水生動物。[2]
習性
單獨於淡水區域繁殖,常以水邊低矮植物材料築巢。在沿海水域過冬。白嘴潛鳥性警惕,即便睡覺時腳也在划水,眼睛睜開一條縫。[3]
生態環境
生活在水中,可以潛入深水中捕捉魚類。
分佈地域
參考
- BirdLife International. Gavia adamsii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004. [2007年3月10日].
- Gavia adamsii. ITIS.
- 四川鳥類新記錄:http://www.cqvip.com/Read/Read.aspx?id=1000027123
- Reproductive behavior of the Yellow-billed Loon, Gavia adamsii:http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1367094?uid=3737800&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101313438627
- Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii , breeding chronology and reproductive success in arctic Alaska: http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=1904184&q=Gavia+adamsii&uid=792138883&setcookie=yes[永久失效連結]
- A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska:http://www.springerlink.com/content/a277141584w8g327/fulltext.pdf[永久失效連結]
- Hybrids in divers (Gaviiformes): http://www.springerlink.com/content/mgul2pl527131245/fulltext.pdf[永久失效連結]
- Feeding Schedule and Daily Food Consumption in Red-Throated Loons (Gavia stellata) over the Prefledging Period:http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4086613?uid=3737800&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101313438627
- Nesting Activity of Yellow-Billed Loons on the Colville River Delta, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4163290?uid=3737800&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101313438627
- Wintering Behavior of Common Loons: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4085460?uid=3737800&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101313438627
- ^ Gavia adamsii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [26 November 2013].
- ^ Tobias, J. A.; Sheard, C.; Pigot, A. L.; Devenish, A. J. M.; Yang, J.; Sayol, F.; Neate‐Clegg, M. H. C.; Alioravainen, N.; Weeks, T. L.; Barber, R. A.; Walkden, P. A. AVONET: Morphological, Ecological and Geographical Data for all Birds. Ecology Letters. 2022, 25 (3) [2022-08-19]. ISSN 1461-023X. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. (原始內容存檔於2022-08-07) (英語).
- ^ 視頻:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjk1MzM5OTM2.html