輦道增七
輦道增七(天鵝座β、β Cyg, β Cygni, Beta Cyg)是天鵝座的第五亮星,天鵝座γ、天鵝座δ、和天鵝座ε都比它亮,但因位於天鵝的頭部,所以在拜耳命名法中成為β星。
觀測數據 曆元 J2000.0 (ICRS) 分點 | |
---|---|
星座 | 天鵝座 |
輦道增七Aa | |
赤經 | 19h 30m 43.286s[1] |
赤緯 | +27° 57′ 34.84″[1] |
星等 (V) | 3.21[2] |
輦道增七Ac | |
赤經 | 19h 30m 43.295s[3] |
赤緯 | +27° 57′ 34.62″[3] |
星等 (V) | 5.85[2] |
輦道增七B | |
赤經 | 19h 30m 45.3962s[4] |
赤緯 | +27° 57′ 54.989″[4] |
星等 (V) | 5.11[5] |
特性 | |
演化階段 | 亮巨星 |
光譜分類 | K2II[6] |
B−V 色指數 | +1.13[5] |
V−R 色指數 | +0.92[7] |
特性 | |
光譜分類 | B8Ve[8] |
U−B 色指數 | -0.32[5] |
B−V 色指數 | -0.10[5] |
天體測定 | |
徑向速度 (Rv) | −23.54[2] km/s |
自行 (μ) | 赤經:4.915 mas/yr 赤緯:−11.127 mas/yr |
視差 (π) | 8.9816 ± 0.4474[9] mas |
距離 | +15.6 −15.3 364.8ly (+4.8 −4.7 111.9pc) |
天體測定 | |
輦道增七Aa | |
絕對星等 (MV) | −2.45[6] |
輦道增七Ac | |
絕對星等 (MV) | −0.25[6] |
天體測定 | |
輦道增七B | |
徑向速度 (Rv) | −18.80[10] km/s |
自行 (μ) | 赤經:−1.078[11] mas/yr 赤緯:−1.540[11] mas/yr |
視差 (π) | 8.1896 ± 0.0781[11] mas |
距離 | +2.9 −3.3 395.4ly (+0.9 −1 121.3pc) |
位置(相對於輦道增七A) | |
組成恆星 | 輦道增七B |
觀測曆元 | 2006 |
角距離 | 35.3″ [12] |
位置角 | 54° [12] |
軌道[2] | |
主星 | Aa |
伴星 | Ac |
繞行週期 (P) | +3.34 −2.90 121.65yr |
半長軸 (a) | +0.007 −0.006" 0.401 |
偏心率 (e) | +0.01 −0.02 0.20 |
傾斜角 (i) | +2.90 −2.63° 156.15 |
升交點黃經 (Ω) | +5.27 −4.50° 84.43 |
近心點 曆元 (T) | B2026.36 |
近心點幅角 (ω) (secondary) | +1.88 −2.24° 54.72 |
半振幅 (K1) (primary) | +0.09 −0.12 2.91km/s |
詳細資料 | |
輦道增七Aa | |
質量 | 5.2[2] M☉ |
半徑 | +2.83 −3.12 58.69[13] R☉ |
表面重力 (log g) | 0.93[2] |
亮度 (bolometric) | 1,259[2] L☉ |
溫度 | 4,383[2] K |
金屬量 [Fe/H] | −0.1[14] dex |
自轉速度 (v sin i) | 8.34[2] km/s |
輦道增七Ac | |
質量 | 2.7[2] M☉ |
半徑 | 3.0[a] R☉ |
亮度 (bolometric) | 79[2] L☉ |
溫度 | 10,000[2] K |
輦道增七Ad | |
質量 | 0.085 ± 0.007[15] M☉ |
輦道增七B | |
質量 | 3.7 ± 0.8[16] M☉ |
半徑 | 2.59[17] R☉ |
表面重力 (log g) | 4.00 ± 0.15[16] |
亮度 (bolometric) | 230 ± 90[16] L☉ |
溫度 | 13,200 ± 600[16] K |
年齡 | 100[16] Myr |
其他命名 | |
參考資料庫 | |
SIMBAD | β Cyg (STF 4043) |
Albireo A | |
Albireo Aa | |
Albireo Ab | |
Albireo B |
以肉眼觀看輦道增七是一顆單獨的3等星,但只要低倍數的望遠鏡就可以看出它是雙星,亮的一顆是黃色(它本身又是一對靠得非常近的聯星),使它與光度微弱的藍色伴星在顏色上有着鮮明的對比[21]。
雙星
輦道增七距離地球380光年(120秒差距)。以肉眼觀看輦道增七是一顆單獨的恆星,然而,在望遠鏡下它很容易解析成為雙星,包括輦道增七A(琥珀色,視星等3.1等),和輦道增七B(藍-綠色,視星等5.1等)[22],兩星相距35角秒[12]。由於它們在顏色上是互補的,因而成為天空中顏色對比最鮮明的一對恆星。目前仍不確知這對恆星是否是互繞的有物理關係的聯星系統。如果是的話,其軌道週期是可能至少十萬年[22]。
輦道增七A
在1976年,使用斑點干涉儀和基特峰國家天文台2.1米望遠鏡,發現伴星A本身是一顆聯星[20][23]。這對聯星使用干涉儀測量後已經計算出軌道,但因為只觀測過四分之一的軌道,因此軌道參數仍被認為是初步的值[20]。目前兩顆星之間分離的角度大約是0.4角秒,太過接近而難以用目視觀測,因為在常穩定的大氣條件下,目視的解析能力仍只有20"的大小。
輦道增七B
輦道增七B是一顆快速自轉的Be星,在赤道的自轉速度至少是250公里/秒[21]。使用光譜儀估計它的表面溫度大約是13,200K [16]。
名稱和語源
因為天鵝座的形狀像是一隻展翅的" 天鵝",而輦道增七就位於天鵝的頭部, 所以有時也稱為"鳥嘴星"[24]。輦道增七也與天津四(天鵝座α)、天津二(天鵝座δ)、天津九(天鵝座ε)、和天鵝座η共同構成"北天大十字(北十字)"[25]。
中世紀說阿拉伯語的天文學家稱之為Albireo(minqār al-dajājah,英文的意思是母雞的喙)[26],目前的英文名稱是誤解和翻譯錯誤的結果。人們認為它起源於希臘語的ornis,名稱是天鵝座,轉變成阿拉伯語的urnis座[27]。而在翻譯回拉丁文時,這個名稱被認為是一種藥用植物:鑽果大蒜芥(Erysimum officinale),因此翻譯成拉丁文的該植物名稱ireo。這個短語ab ireo後來又被當成印刷錯誤的阿拉伯語處理,而被轉換成al-bireo[28]。
minqār al-dajājah(منقار ألدجاجة)或Menchir al Dedjadjet的名稱出現在Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket這本恆星目錄中,它翻譯成拉丁文是Rostrum Gallinǣ,意思是母雞的喙[29]。
參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Høg, E; Fabricius, C; Makarov, V. V; Urban, S; Corbin, T; Wycoff, G; Bastian, U; Schwekendiek, P; Wicenec, A. The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2000, 355: L27. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H.
- ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Drimmel, Ronald; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Schröder, Klaus-Peter; Bastian, Ulrich; Pinamonti, Matteo; Jack, Dennis; Hernández Huerta, Missael A. A celestial matryoshka: Dynamical and spectroscopic analysis of the Albireo system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2021, 502 (1): 328. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.502..328D. arXiv:2012.01277 . doi:10.1093/mnras/staa4038 .
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Fabricius, C; Høg, E; Makarov, V. V; Mason, B. D; Wycoff, G. L; Urban, S. E. The Tycho double star catalogue. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 384: 180–189. Bibcode:2002A&A...384..180F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011822 .
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 . 已忽略未知參數
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(幫助) (勘誤: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR. - ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2002, 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ginestet, N.; Carquillat, J. M. Spectral Classification of the Hot Components of a Large Sample of Stars with Composite Spectra, and Implication for the Absolute Magnitudes of the Cool Supergiant Components. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2002, 143 (2): 513. Bibcode:2002ApJS..143..513G. doi:10.1086/342942 .
- ^ Ten Brummelaar, Theo; Mason, Brian D; McAlister, Harold A; Roberts, Lewis C; Turner, Nils H; Hartkopf, William I; Bagnuolo, William G. Binary Star Differential Photometry Using the Adaptive Optics System at Mount Wilson Observatory. The Astronomical Journal. 2000, 119 (5): 2403. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2403T. doi:10.1086/301338 .. See tables 4, 5, 6, and 8. Luminosity from Lbol=102(4.75−Mbol)/5.
- ^ Levenhagen, R. S; Leister, N. V. Spectroscopic analysis of southern B and Be stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 371 (1): 252–262. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.371..252L. S2CID 16492030. arXiv:astro-ph/0606149 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10655.x .
- ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2022. arXiv:2208.00211 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . 已忽略未知參數
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(幫助) Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR. - ^ Kharchenko, N. V; Scholz, R.-D; Piskunov, A. E; Röser, S; Schilbach, E. Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5: Ia. Radial velocities of ˜55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations. Astronomische Nachrichten. 2007, 328 (9): 889. Bibcode:2007AN....328..889K. S2CID 119323941. arXiv:0705.0878 . doi:10.1002/asna.200710776.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Vallenari, A.; et al. Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2022. arXiv:2208.00211 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . 已忽略未知參數
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(幫助) Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR. - ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 進入華盛頓雙星目錄 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館),The Washington Double Star Catalog], identifier 19307+2758, discoverer identifier STFA 43. Accessed on line July 9, 2008.
- ^ Baines, Ellyn K.; Clark, James H., III; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Stone, Jordan M.; von Braun, Kaspar, 33 New Stellar Angular Diameters from the NPOI, and Nearly 180 NPOI Diameters as an Ensemble, The Astronomical Journal, 2023-12-01, 166 (6): 268, Bibcode:2023AJ....166..268B, ISSN 0004-6256, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad08be
- ^ Lèbre, A.; De Laverny, P.; Do Nascimento, J. D.; De Medeiros, J. R. Lithium abundances and rotational behavior for bright giant stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2006, 450 (3): 1173. Bibcode:2006A&A...450.1173L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053485 .
- ^ Jack, D.; Schröder, K.-P.; Mittag, M.; Bastian, U. Yet another star in the Albireo system - The discovery of Albireo Ad. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2022-05-01, 661: A49. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:2203.04222 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243255 (英語).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Table 1, Physical Parameters of Southern B- and Be-Type Stars, R. S. Levenhagen and N. V. Leister, The Astronomical Journal 127, #2 (February 2004), pp. 1176–1180, doi:10.1086/381063, Bibcode:2004AJ....127.1176L.
- ^ Fracassini, Massimo; Gilardoni, Giorgio; Pasinetti, Laura E. Apparent diameters of 172 B5V-A5V stars of the Catalogue of Geneva Observatory. Astrophysics and Space Science. 1973, 22 (1): 141–152. Bibcode:1973Ap&SS..22..141F. S2CID 120496963. doi:10.1007/BF00642829.
- ^ NAME ALBIREO -- Star in double system , database entry, SIMBAD. Accessed on line July 9, 2008.
- ^ Entry, WDS identifier 19307+2758, Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars 互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2017-11-12., William I. Hartkopf & Brian D. Mason, U.S. Naval Observatory. Accessed on line July 9, 2008. (19307+2758) 互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2011-05-17.
- ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Speckle observations with PISCO in Merate: IV. Astrometric measurements of visual binaries in 2005, M. Scardia et al., Astronomische Nachrichten 329, #1 (2008), pp. 54–68. Bibcode:2008AN....329...54S. doi:10.1002/asna.200710834.
- ^ 21.0 21.1 Albireo (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Stars, Jim Kaler. Accessed on line July 9, 2008.
- ^ 22.0 22.1 p. 46, The Monthly Sky Guide, Ian Ridpath, Wil Tirion, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-521-68435-8.
- ^ Speckle interferometric measurements of binary stars. VI, H. A. McAlister and E. M. Hendry, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 48 (March 1982), pp. 273–278. Bibcode:1982ApJS...48..273M. doi:10.1086/190778.
- ^ p. 416, In Quest of the Universe, Theo Koupelis and Karl F. Kuhn, 5th ed., Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2007, ISBN 0-7637-4387-9.
- ^ Northern Cross (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), entry, The Internet Encyclopedia of Science, David Darling. Accessed on line July 24, 2008.
- ^ p. 196, Star-names and Their Meanings (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), Richard Hinckley Allen, New York, G. E. Stechert, 1899.
- ^ p. 24, The names of the stars and constellations compiled from the Latin, Greek and Arabic, W. H. Higgins, Leicester: Samuel Clarke, 1882.
- ^ p. 194, Allen.
- ^ Knobel, E. B. Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. June 1895, 55: 429. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K.
外部連結
- Albireo as a Triple Star(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Photo by Richard Yandrick; August 30, 2005(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- A picture of Albireo by Stefan Seip(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- NightSkyInfo.com - Albireo(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Albireo(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) at Alcyone Software's Star Data Pages
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