下午茶

下午茶是餐飲方式之一，用餐時間介乎午餐和晚餐之間，下午茶並不是正餐。有些人認為是奢侈的行為，有錢人才會用餐。近代的下午茶發展自英國維多利亞時代的英式下午茶（low tea）。現代人為High tea。

發展歷史

一種流行的傳說認爲，在1840年代中期一位英國上流社會的女士：貝德福德公爵夫人安娜·羅素，在下午時分因百無聊賴，讓女僕準備了少量的吐司、奶油和紅茶。這種簡便的飲食方式很快就成爲了英國貴族們打發下午時光的一種絕佳方式。

飲食文化

英國下午茶

廣東

廣州的茶樓和酒樓通常的下午茶是在2點或2:30左右開始，至晚飯之前結束。

香港

香港大部份餐廳把下午二時半至五時半稱為「下午茶時間」。大部分快餐店、西餐廳和茶餐廳都會提供分量較午餐少的餐點，價格也較午餐便宜^[1]。香港大部分酒樓會在這段時間提供特價優惠，下午茶時間供應的點心或粉麵一般都相較午飯和晚飯時間便宜。

香港的建築業、裝修業和部分寫字樓會有稱為「三點三」（下午3時15分）的下午茶時間，然而只是習慣上的休息時間，並不是每天都會用餐。

英國

英國人喝下午茶的方式不盡相仿，由高貴的正式茶聚（tea party），到可以不喝茶只吃點心的餐飲（afternoon tea），都可以稱為下午茶。

時下的英式下午茶一般在下午三點半到五點進行。英式下午茶的專用紅茶為產自印度的大吉嶺紅茶、斯里蘭卡的錫蘭高地紅茶、伯爵茶。除此之外英國也有在下午茶時喝奶茶的習慣。隨茶而來的還有切成薄片的檸檬及奶罐。

然而喝茶並不是主要的環節，品嘗蛋糕、三明治等各種點心，反而成了最重要的部分。正式的下午茶點心一般被疊成「三層架」（Three-Tier Petit Four Stand）的形式：第一層（底層）放置各種口味的三明治（tea sandwich），第二層（中間層）是英國的傳統點心司康餅（scone），第三層（最上層）則是小蛋糕和水果塔。這個三層架點心應從下往上、由鹹至甜、由淡到濃地吃。除了這種必不可少的三層點心，一些牛角麵包、葡萄乾、魚子醬等食品也會擺上來，來迎合賓客的口味。

德國

在德國，下午茶被稱為Kaffee（咖啡）

歐洲其餘各地

隨着英國在19世紀末的強盛，下午茶文化從英國本土帶入歐洲和它當時的殖民地。成爲一種世界性的流行文化標誌之一。幾乎在每一家西式餐廳，下午都會供應下午茶餐點。

新西蘭

在新西蘭，他們的 Tea time （下午茶時間）習慣在早上而非下午，所以他們把「小息」稱作「Morning tea time」。

各地稱呼

香港

下午茶業在推廣的時候有了不同的品嘗方式與名稱，如英國下午茶又被香港人習慣稱作High tea，但兩者其實並不相同（見下）^[2]，更彰顯了下午茶文化在世界中的廣泛影響。

傍晚茶

工人階級在下午五至七時的餐飲在英國被稱為High tea^[3]^[4]，通常由熱菜、糕點、麵包、黃油、果醬組成，有時會出現如火腿沙拉之類的肉類冷盤。High tea這一說法在1825年左右即已出現，其中high表示時間更靠後^[5]，而high tea指代的傍晚茶餐時間比下午茶更晚。這一說法在英國工人及英格蘭北部及蘇格蘭方言中顯著流行。^[6]^[7]

下午茶圖集

法式多士
茶餐廳吃到的經典下午茶食品包括（左起）火腿通心粉、蛋撻和菠蘿油
港式快餐店吃到的港式下午茶有西多士、雞髀和紅豆冰

註釋

^ 英式下午茶知多少（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館），文匯報，23-10-2013
^ After VS High. [2007-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2004-08-03）.
^ Tea Customs. UK: Tea Council. [21 November 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-07）.
^ What is the Difference Between Afternoon Tea and High Tea?. British food. About. [21 November 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-02）.
^ English Dictionary 2nd, Oxford .
^ Bender, David A. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 3rd. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-923487-5. An afternoon meal; may consist of a light meal (especially in southern Britain), or be a substantial meal (high tea) as in northern Britain; introduced by Anna, Duchess of Bedford, in 1840 because of the long interval between a light luncheon and dinner at 8pm.
^ Ayto, John. The Diner’s Dictionary 2nd. Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-964024-9. Tea seems first to have established for itself a particular niche in the day in the 1740s, by which time it had become the fashionable breakfast drink. It was also drunk after dinner, and as the usual time for dinner progressed during the eighteenth century towards the evening a gap opened up for a late-afternoon refreshment, filled by what has since become the traditional English afternoon tea, a meal in its own right, with sandwiches and cake as well as cups of tea (amongst the earliest references to it are these by Fanny Burney in Evelina, 1778 : 『I was relieved by a summons to tea,』 and by John Wesley in 1789: 『At breakfast and at tea… I met all the Society』; Anna Maria Russell, Duchess of Bedford (1783–1857), famously claimed to have originated the fashion, but as can be seen, it was around well before she was in a position to have any influence over it). In various other parts of the English-speaking world, teatime has assumed other connotations: in Jamaica, for instance, it is the first meal of the day, while for Australians and New Zealanders it is a cooked evening meal—a usage reflected in the tea, and more specifically the 『high tea』, of certain British dialects, predominantly those of the working class and of the North (the term high tea dates from the early nineteenth century).

外部連結

下午茶坊：英國皇家茶道-英式下午茶
享受英式下午茶
施威全：帶血的英式下午茶（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
【視頻】李艾主持：英國人與茶文化（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） - 《倫敦下午茶（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）》 2012-08-01
古典玫瑰園：正統英式下午茶（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[wenweipo-1-1] 英式下午茶知多少（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館），文匯報，23-10-2013

[2] After VS High. [2007-11-25]. （原始內容存檔於2004-08-03）.

[3] Tea Customs. UK: Tea Council. [21 November 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-07）.

[4] What is the Difference Between Afternoon Tea and High Tea?. British food. About. [21 November 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-02）.

[5] English Dictionary 2nd, Oxford .

[6] Bender, David A. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 3rd. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-923487-5. An afternoon meal; may consist of a light meal (especially in southern Britain), or be a substantial meal (high tea) as in northern Britain; introduced by Anna, Duchess of Bedford, in 1840 because of the long interval between a light luncheon and dinner at 8pm.

[7] Ayto, John. The Diner’s Dictionary 2nd. Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-964024-9. Tea seems first to have established for itself a particular niche in the day in the 1740s, by which time it had become the fashionable breakfast drink. It was also drunk after dinner, and as the usual time for dinner progressed during the eighteenth century towards the evening a gap opened up for a late-afternoon refreshment, filled by what has since become the traditional English afternoon tea, a meal in its own right, with sandwiches and cake as well as cups of tea (amongst the earliest references to it are these by Fanny Burney in Evelina, 1778 : 『I was relieved by a summons to tea,』 and by John Wesley in 1789: 『At breakfast and at tea… I met all the Society』; Anna Maria Russell, Duchess of Bedford (1783–1857), famously claimed to have originated the fashion, but as can be seen, it was around well before she was in a position to have any influence over it). In various other parts of the English-speaking world, teatime has assumed other connotations: in Jamaica, for instance, it is the first meal of the day, while for Australians and New Zealanders it is a cooked evening meal—a usage reflected in the tea, and more specifically the 『high tea』, of certain British dialects, predominantly those of the working class and of the North (the term high tea dates from the early nineteenth century).

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