艾克哈特大師
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艾克哈特大師（德語：Meister Eckhart），本名艾克哈特·馮·霍赫海姆（德語：Eckhart von Hochheim），或稱約翰尼斯·艾克哈特（德語：Johannes Eckhart），是一位德國神學家、哲學家和神秘主義者，出生在神聖羅馬帝國圖林根州的Landgraviate。十多歲時便加入道明會並任高級職務。作為佈道者他效力極高，其講道方法給同時代人和後來者留下了極深刻的印象。對於德語哲學術語的創製也作出重大貢獻。其關注的最主要問題是日常生活中持續精神實踐的原理的傳播。他非傳統的，有時甚至是挑釁性的言論常常與當時的普遍信仰相牴觸，故而引起了轟動。比如他認為，「靈魂的根基」不像所有的動物是被上帝所創造的，但是神聖的，非受造的。靈的的原因即神性，是瞬間表現的。[note 1]
| 艾克哈特·馮·霍赫海姆 | |
|---|---|
| 出生 | 約在1260年 神聖羅馬帝國哥達附近 |
| 逝世 | 1327或1328 可能在亞維農 |
| 別名 | "Meister Eckhart" (艾克哈特大師) |
| 時代 | 中世紀哲學 |
| 地區 | 西方哲學 |
受影響於 | |
影響於 | |
教皇約翰二十二世將他列為異端，他反駁了這些指控。據說他在正式判決之前死亡，雖然沒有發現過他的埋葬地點，沒有死亡記錄。
延伸閱讀
- Jeanne Ancelet-Hustache, Master Eckhart and the Rhineland Mystics, New York and London: Harper and Row/ Longmans, 1957.
- Leonardo Vittorio Arena, The Shadows of the Masters, ebook, 2013.
- James M. Clark, The Great German Mystics, New York: Russell and Russell, 1970 (reprint of Basil Blackwell edition, Oxford: 1949.)
- James M. Clark, trans., Henry Suso: Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Little Book of Truth, London: Faber, 1953.
- Cesare Catà, Il Cardinale e l'Eretico. Nicola Cusano e il problema della eredità "eterodossa" di Meister Eckhart nel suo pensiero, in "Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies", UCLA University, Volume 41, No.2 (2010), pp. 269–291.
- Oliver Davies, God Within: The Mystical Tradition of Northern Europe, London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1988.
- Oliver Davies, Meister Eckhart: Mystical Theologian, London: SPCK, 1991.
- Eckardus Theutonicus, homo doctus et sanctus, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1993.
- Robert K. Forman, Meister Eckhart: Mystic as Theologian, Rockport, Massachusetts/Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element Books, 1991.
- Gundolf Gieraths, O.P., '"Life in Abundance: Meister Eckhart and the German Dominican Mystics of the 14th Century", Spirituality Today Supplement, Autumn, 1986.
- Joel F. Harrington, 「Dangerous Mystic: Meister Eckhart’s Path to the God Within」, New York: Penguin Press, 2018.
- Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy: An Interpretation of the Great Mystics, East and West, New York: HarperCollins, 1945.
- Amy Hollywood, The Soul as Virgin Wife: Mechthild of Magdeburg, Marguerite Porete, and Meister Eckhart, Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996.
- Rufus Jones, The Flowering of Mysticism in the Fourteenth Century, New York: Hafner Publishing Co., 1971 (facsimile of 1939 ed.).
- Bernard McGinn, "Eckhart's Condemnation Reconsidered" in The Thomist, vol. 44, 1980.
- Bernard McGinn, ed., Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete, New York: Continuum, 1994.
- Ben Morgan. On Becoming God: Late Medieval Mysticism and the Modern Western Self. New York: Fordham UP, 2013.
- Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Vol. II, ISBN 0-486-21762-0
- Cyprian Smith, The Way of Paradox: Spiritual Life as Taught by Meister Eckhart, New York: Paulist Press, 1988.
- Frank Tobin, Meister Eckhart: Thought and Language, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986.
- Denys Turner, The Darkness of God: Negativity in Christian Mysticism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
- Winfried Trusen, Der Prozess gegen Meister Eckhart, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1988.
- Andrew Weeks, German Mysticism from Hildegard of Bingen to Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Literary and Intellectual History, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
- Richard Woods, O.P., Eckhart's Way, Wilmington, Delaware: Glazier, 1986 (Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 1991).
- Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: The Gospel of Peace and Justice, Tape Cassette Program, Chicago: Center for Religion & Society, 1993.
- Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: Master of Mystics (London, Continuum, 2010).
- Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh, Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart, London and New York: Routledge, 2016.
備注
- ^ Meister 是「大師」的德文，意指他在巴黎獲得的學銜「神學碩士」
外部連結
- Eckhart Triebel: Meister Eckhart und seine Zeit （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）（艾克哈特大師和他的時代 - 德語）
- Eckhart Triebel: Meister Eckhart Bibliographie seit 1995 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） 艾克哈特大師自 1995 年以來的參考書目）