擬桿菌屬
拟杆菌科的一属细菌
擬桿菌屬（學名：Bacteroides）又稱類桿菌屬，是細菌中的一個屬，是人類大腸中的非病原性優勢菌種。革蘭氏陰性菌。不形成孢子、厭氧和杆狀細菌，是人類常駐菌群，同時也是腸道組成的重要基石菌屬，與人類具有共生的關係。
擬桿菌屬
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| 以瓊脂平板無氧培養下的擬桿菌（Bacteroides spp.） | |
科學分類 
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| 域： | 細菌域 Bacteria |
| 門： | 擬桿菌門 Bacteroidota |
| 綱： | 擬桿菌綱 Bacteroidia |
| 目： | 擬桿菌目 Bacteroidales |
| 科： | 擬桿菌科 Bacteroidaceae |
| 屬： | 擬桿菌屬 Bacteroides Castellani & Chalmers, 1919 |
| 模式種 | |
| 脆弱擬桿菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919
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| 物種 | |
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見正文 | |
擬桿菌屬被歸類在革蘭氏陰性菌和專性厭氧菌中。不同於其他細菌的是，擬桿菌屬的細胞膜上帶有鞘磷脂。這一細菌種類中以鬆脆類桿菌較為有名。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種：[1]
- 產酸擬桿菌 Bacteroides acidifaciens Miyamoto and Itoh 2000
- Bacteroides amylophilus Hamlin and Hungate 1956
- Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Finegold and Barnes 1977
- Bacteroides barnesiae Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides bivius Holdeman and Johnson 1977
- Bacteroides buccae Holdeman et al., 1982
- Bacteroides buccalis Shah and Collins 1982
- 糞擬桿菌 Bacteroides caccae Johnson et al., 1986
- Bacteroides caecicola Irisawa et al., 2016
- Bacteroides caecigallinarum Saputra et al., 2015
- Bacteroides caecimuris Lagkouvardos et al., 2016
- 多毛擬桿菌 Bacteroides capillosus (Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957
- Bacteroides capillus Kornman and Holt 1982
- Bacteroides cellulosilyticus Robert et al., 2007
- 溶纖維素擬桿菌 Bacteroides cellulosolvens Murray et al., 1984
- 毛絲鼠擬桿菌 Bacteroides chinchillae Kitahara et al., 2011
- Bacteroides clarus Watanabe et al., 2010
- Bacteroides coagulans Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides coprocola Kitahara et al., 2005
- Bacteroides coprophilus Hayashi et al., 2007
- Bacteroides coprosuis Whitehead et al., 2005
- Bacteroides corporis Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides denticola Shah and Collins 1982
- Bacteroides disiens Holdeman and Johnson 1977
- Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides dorei Bakir et al., 2006
- 埃氏擬桿菌 Bacteroides eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974
- Bacteroides endodontalis van Steenbergen et al., 1984
- Bacteroides faecalis Yu et al., 2019
- Bacteroides faecichinchillae Kitahara et al., 2012
- Bacteroides faecis Kim et al., 2010
- Bacteroides faecium Kim et al. 2023[2]
- Bacteroides finegoldii Bakir et al., 2006
- Bacteroides fluxus Watanabe et al., 2010
- 福賽斯擬桿菌 Bacteroides forsythus Tanner et al., 1986
- 脆弱擬桿菌 Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
- Bacteroides furcosus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al., 1937
- Bacteroides galacturonicus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
- Bacteroides gallinaceus Irisawa et al., 2016，也拼作：Bacteroides gallinaceum
- Bacteroides gallinarum Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides gingivalis Coykendall et al., 1980
- Bacteroides goldsteinii Song et al., 2006
- 纖細擬桿菌 Bacteroides gracilis Tanner et al., 1981
- Bacteroides graminisolvens Nishiyama et al., 2009
- Bacteroides helcogenes Benno et al., 1983
- Bacteroides heparinolyticus Okuda et al., 1985
- 人臉擬桿菌 Bacteroides humanifaecis Kim et al. 2023[3]
- Bacteroides hypermegas Harrison and Hansen 1963
- Bacteroides intermedius (Holdeman and Moore 1970) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides intestinalis Bakir et al., 2006
- 朝鮮擬桿菌 Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al., 2017
- Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al., 2017
- 利氏擬桿菌 Bacteroides levii (ex Holdeman et al., 1977) Johnson and Holdeman 1983
- Bacteroides loescheii Holdeman and Johnson 1982
- 盧洪洲擬桿菌 Bacteroides luhongzhouii Ge et al. 2021[4]，以盧洪洲的名字命名
- Bacteroides luti Hatamoto et al., 2014
- Bacteroides macacae (Slots and Genco 1980) Coykendall et al., 1980
- 馬賽擬桿菌 Bacteroides massiliensis Fenner et al., 2005
- 產黑色素擬桿菌 Bacteroides melaninogenicus (Oliver and Wherry 1921) Roy and Kelly 1939
- 屎擬桿菌 Bacteroides merdae Johnson et al., 1986
- 多形擬桿菌 Bacteroides multiformis Liu et al. 2021
- Bacteroides microfusus Kaneuchi and Mitsuoka 1978
- Bacteroides multiacidus Mitsuoka et al., 1974
- 鼠擬桿菌 Bacteroides muris Fokt et al. 2023[5]
- Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge 1941) Mraz 1963
- Bacteroides nordii Song et al., 2005，以卡爾·埃里克·諾德（Carl Erik Nord）的名字命名，他在厭氧細菌學和腸道細菌學方面做出了貢獻
- Bacteroides ochraceus (Prévot et al., 1956) Holdeman and Moore 1972
- Bacteroides oleiciplenus Watanabe et al., 2010
- Bacteroides oralis Loesche et al., 1964
- Bacteroides oris Holdeman et al., 1982
- Bacteroides oulorum Shah et al., 1985
- 卵形擬桿菌 Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus Ueki et al., 2011
- Bacteroides pectinophilus Jensen and Canale-Parola 1987
- Bacteroides pentosaceus Shah and Collins 1982
- Bacteroides plebeius Kitahara et al., 2005
- 侵肺擬桿菌 Bacteroides pneumosintes (Olitsky and Gates 1921) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Bacteroides polypragmatus Patel and Breuil 1982
- Bacteroides praeacutus (Tissier 1908) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Bacteroides propionicifaciens Ueki et al., 2008
- Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) Kelly 1957
- Bacteroides pyogenes Benno et al., 1983
- Bacteroides reticulotermitis Sakamoto and Ohkuma 2013
- Bacteroides rhinocerotis Li et al. 2024[6]
- Bacteroides rodentium Kitahara et al., 2011
- 赤擬桿菌 Bacteroides ruber
- Bacteroides ruminicola Bryant et al., 1958
- Bacteroides salanitronis Lan et al., 2006
- Bacteroides salivosus Love et al., 1987
- Bacteroides salyersae Song et al., 2005
- Bacteroides salyersiae corrig. Song et al., 2005
- Bacteroides sartorii Clavel et al., 2010
- Bacteroides splanchnicus Werner et al., 1975
- Bacteroides stercorirosoris Kitahara et al., 2012
- 糞便擬桿菌 Bacteroides stercoris Johnson et al., 1986
- Bacteroides succinogenes Hungate 1950
- 豬擬桿菌 Bacteroides suis Benno et al., 1983
- 隱蔽擬桿菌 Bacteroides tectum Love et al., 1986
- Bacteroides tectus corrig. Love et al., 1986
- Bacteroides termitidis (Sebald, 1962) Holdeman and Moore, 1970
- 多形擬桿菌 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso 1912) Castellani et Chalmers 1919
- 帝汶擬桿菌 Bacteroides timonensis Ramasamy et al. 2014
- 同型擬桿菌 Bacteroides uniformis Eggerth and Gagnon 1933，單形擬桿菌
- 解脲擬桿菌 Bacteroides urealtyicus
- Bacteroides ureolyticus Jackson and Goodman 1978
- Bacteroides veroralis Watabe et al., 1983
- Bacteroides vicugnae [7]
- 普通擬桿菌 Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933
- Bacteroides xylanisolvens Chassard et al., 2008
- Bacteroides xylanolyticus Scholten-Koerselman et al., 1988
- 張文宏擬桿菌 Bacteroides zhangwenhongii Ge et al. 2021[8]，以張文宏的名字命名
- Bacteroides zoogleoformans (Weinberg et al., 1937) Cato et al., 1982
參考文獻
- ^ Bacteroides Castellani & Chalmers, 1919. GBIF. [2022-05-23]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-08）.
- ^ Kim J, Song HS, Kim JY, Whon TW, Chung WH, Nam YD, Choi YE, Roh SW. Bacteroides faecium sp. nov. isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5666.
- ^ Kim HS, Kim JS, Suh MK, Eom MK, Lee JH, Park SH, Kang SW, Lee DH, Yoon H, Lee JH, et al. Bacteroides humanifaecis sp. nov., isolated from faeces of healthy Korean. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:357.
- ^ Ge Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Pu J, Huang Y, Luo X, Zheng H, et al. Bacteroides luhongzhouii sp. nov. and Bacteroides zhangwenhongii sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4772.
- ^ Fokt H, Unni R, Repnik U, Schmitz RA, Bramkamp M, Baines JF, Unterweger D. Bacteroides muris sp. nov. isolated from the cecum of wild-derived house mice. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:546.
- ^ Li X, Sun P, Gong L, Shi W, Xiang Z, Li M, Su L, Qin C. Bacteroides rhinocerotis sp. nov., isolated from the fresh feces of rhinoceros in Beijing Zoo. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:169.
- ^ Bacteroides vicugnae sp. nov. isolated from the fecal material of an alpaca.. sciencedirect. [2024-05-22].
- ^ Ge Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Pu J, Huang Y, Luo X, Zheng H, et al. Bacteroides luhongzhouii sp. nov. and Bacteroides zhangwenhongii sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4772.