橘青黴

橘青黴
科學分類
界：	真菌界 Fungi
門：	子囊菌門 Ascomycota
綱：	散囊菌綱 Eurotiomycetes
目：	散囊菌目 Eurotiales
科：	毛刷囊菌科 Trichocomaceae
屬：	青黴屬 Penicillium
種：	橘青黴 P. citrinum
二名法
	Penicillium citrinum; Thom, C. 1910
模式菌株
	ATCC 1109, ATCC 36382, BCRC 32594, Biourge 53, CBS 139.45, CCRC 32594, CECT 2269, FRR 1841, IMI 091961, IMI 092196, KCTC 6549, LSHB Ad95, LSHB P25, LSHB P6, MUCL 29781, NRRL 1841, NRRL 1842, QM 6833, Thom 4733.14, Thom P25,WB 1842
異名
	Penicillium citrinum var. pseudopaxilli,; Citromyces subtilis,; Penicillium aurifluum,; Penicillium phaeojanthinellum,; Penicillium sartoryi,; Penicillium sartorii,; Penicillium botryosum

橘青黴（學名：Penicillium citrinum）是青黴屬的一種真菌。本種常生長在柑橘類水果上，有時也在熱帶地區的香料與穀物上生長^[3]。此外本種還可感染致倦庫蚊（英語：Culex quinquefasciatus），有用作生物防治的潛力^[4]^[5]。

橘青黴可合成ACC、美伐他汀（英語：mevastatin）、Quinocitrinine（英語：Quinocitrinine）與橘黴素等多種次級代謝物^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]，其中美伐他汀是首例他汀類藥物，由日本生化學家遠藤章於1970年代自橘青黴發現^[6]；橘黴素則是一種具腎毒性（英語：Nephrotoxicity）的真菌毒素^[9]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 MycoBank
^ Straininfo of Penicillium citrinum
^ schimmel-schimmelpilze.de
^ Maketon, M; Amnuaykanjanasin, A; Kaysorngup, A. A rapid knockdown effect of Penicillium citrinum for control of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2014, 30 (2): 727–36. PMID 24078109. S2CID 31999532. doi:10.1007/s11274-013-1500-4.
^ Da Costa, G. L.; De Oliveira, P. C. Penicillium species in mosquitoes from two Brazilian regions. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 1998, 38 (5–6): 343–7. PMID 9871332. S2CID 221872097. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5/6<343::AID-JOBM343>3.0.CO;2-Z.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Endo, A.; Kuroda, M.; Tsujita, Y. ML-236A, ML-236B, and ML-236C, new inhibitors of cholesterogensis produced by Penicillium citrinum. The Journal of Antibiotics. 1976, 29 (12): 1346–8. PMID 1010803. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.29.1346  .
^ Kozlovsky, A. G.; Zhelifonova, V. P.; Antipova, T. V.; Adanin, V. M.; Ozerskaya, S. M.; Kochkina, G. A.; Schlegel, B.; Dahse, H. M.; Gollmick, F. A.; Gräfe, U. Quinocitrinines a and B, New Quinoline Alkaloids from Penicillium citrinum Thom 1910, a Permafrost Fungus. The Journal of Antibiotics. 2003, 56 (5): 488–91. PMID 12870815. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.488  .
^ Malmstrøm, J; Christophersen, C; Frisvad, J. C. Secondary metabolites characteristic of Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium steckii and related species. Phytochemistry. 2000, 54 (3): 301–9. Bibcode:2000PChem..54..301M. PMID 10870185. S2CID 26854745. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00106-0.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Mossini, S. A. G.; Kemmelmeier, C. Inhibition of Citrinin Production in Penicillium citrinum Cultures by Neem [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008, 9 (9): 1676–1684. PMC 2635761  . PMID 19325825. doi:10.3390/ijms9091676  .

[Penicillium-citrinum-1] 1.0 ^1.1 MycoBank

[2] Straininfo of Penicillium citrinum

[3] schimmel-schimmelpilze.de

[4] Maketon, M; Amnuaykanjanasin, A; Kaysorngup, A. A rapid knockdown effect of Penicillium citrinum for control of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2014, 30 (2): 727–36. PMID 24078109. S2CID 31999532. doi:10.1007/s11274-013-1500-4.

[5] Da Costa, G. L.; De Oliveira, P. C. Penicillium species in mosquitoes from two Brazilian regions. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 1998, 38 (5–6): 343–7. PMID 9871332. S2CID 221872097. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5/6<343::AID-JOBM343>3.0.CO;2-Z.

[Mevastatin-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Endo, A.; Kuroda, M.; Tsujita, Y. ML-236A, ML-236B, and ML-236C, new inhibitors of cholesterogensis produced by Penicillium citrinum. The Journal of Antibiotics. 1976, 29 (12): 1346–8. PMID 1010803. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.29.1346  .

[7] Kozlovsky, A. G.; Zhelifonova, V. P.; Antipova, T. V.; Adanin, V. M.; Ozerskaya, S. M.; Kochkina, G. A.; Schlegel, B.; Dahse, H. M.; Gollmick, F. A.; Gräfe, U. Quinocitrinines a and B, New Quinoline Alkaloids from Penicillium citrinum Thom 1910, a Permafrost Fungus. The Journal of Antibiotics. 2003, 56 (5): 488–91. PMID 12870815. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.488  .

[8] Malmstrøm, J; Christophersen, C; Frisvad, J. C. Secondary metabolites characteristic of Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium steckii and related species. Phytochemistry. 2000, 54 (3): 301–9. Bibcode:2000PChem..54..301M. PMID 10870185. S2CID 26854745. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00106-0.

[SAG-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Mossini, S. A. G.; Kemmelmeier, C. Inhibition of Citrinin Production in Penicillium citrinum Cultures by Neem [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008, 9 (9): 1676–1684. PMC 2635761  . PMID 19325825. doi:10.3390/ijms9091676  .

[3]

[4]

[5]

[1]

[2]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]