波霸自由
波霸自由人（Boba liberal）、波霸自由派、波霸自由主義（Boba liberalism）是歐美描述生活在西方世界且帶有明顯「自由主義」觀點的東亞或東南亞人。主要用於西方亞裔僑民，尤其是在美國。偶爾用作形容將武器化東亞或東南亞身分的保守派。這個新詞首先出現在亞裔美國人社區，用作指責波霸自由主義者透過參與進步主義的社會運動來表達自己的「自由主義」信仰，讓自己看起來更接近白人，同時忽視和淡化亞洲人的問題。[1][2][3][4]
可能是新自由主義的一種形式，例如，通常支持時尚且美觀的激進主義。[5]代表人物屬於中產階級、資產階級、小資產階級的亞裔美國人。[5]
定義
「Boba liberal」一詞首次有記錄使用於2019年越南裔美國人Twitter用戶 @diaspora_is_red 指亞裔美國人以消費資本主義為中心，維護白人自由主義意識形態[5][6]。
支持時尚的激進主義[5]。指亞洲人鸚鵡學舌、人云亦云，複製白人自由主義者的觀點。利用微妙的亞洲特徵、刻板印象代表亞裔。淡化亞裔僑民實際問題[7]。會討論頭髮戴筷子是否屬於文化挪用，但忽視平等、公義、全球化的話題[5]。
通常被認為是中上階層的「cishet」，即順性別異性戀。觀點有限，排斥異己，排擠不守自己標準的亞裔美國人。[5]
波霸自由主義者的亞洲身份明顯違背了其渴望成為白人的目標，動輒得咎為膚淺。因此利用「喜歡波霸奶茶」等亞洲刻板印象和表面特徵出現了「波霸自由」一詞。[8][9]
雖然術語用了「自由主義」一詞，但術語並不排斥保守主義等特定意識形態。可以包括保守派亞洲人，例如維護「模範少數族裔」標籤的亞裔。[10][7]
參見
參考
- ^ Frias, Lauren. Boba liberalism: How the emergence of superficial activism could cause more harm than good to the AAPI community. Insider. 6 May 2021 [13 February 2022].
- ^ Rosen, Laura. The Quad: Bursting the bubble of boba liberalism amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Daily Bruin. 18 February 2021 [13 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-28）.
- ^ Yukiko, Sarah. Boba liberals: The meaning of the term used to describe the Asian Americans everyone loves to hate. NextShark. 24 December 2021 [13 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2024-09-06）.
- ^ Quach, Cindy. What is Boba Liberalism?. 27 February 2021 [13 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-14）.
Boba liberalism thrives in a capitalist and neoliberal society because neoliberal policies primarily benefit wealthier communities. Typically, the faces of boba liberalism are Asian Americans that are part of the middle and upper economic class. As a result, boba liberals disregard the negative effects of capitalism because they profit from it. For instance, boba liberals tend to focus on advocating for Asian representation in white spaces, or discussing whether or not wearing chopsticks in one’s hair is culture appropriation. These topics are popular within boba liberal circles, all while dialogue regarding inequality, globalization, and racial injustice are purposely neglected.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 What is Boba Liberalism? – FEM Newsmagazine. [2022-03-03]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-14） （美國英語）.
- ^ Zhao, Yingying. Bubble Tea, Boba Liberalism, and Capitalism's Effects on East Asian Diasporic Identity. The Yale Herald. 2021-02-05 [2022-03-03]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-14） （美國英語）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Vo, Mai. How did we get from bubble tea to boba liberalism?. Trinitonian. 19 October 2021 [13 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-14）.
「Boba liberalism」 obscures the diversity present in the community. It effaces the stories of working-class families, stories of undocumented immigrants, and stories of people who are fundamentally vulnerable in the community. Another issue with 「boba liberalism」 is rooted in its prevalence among middle- to upper-middle-class East and Southeast Asian communities and how they maintain the dominant voice within the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) sphere.
- ^ Fan, Jiayang. Chronicles of a Bubble-Tea Addict. The New Yorker. 29 January 2021 [13 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-14）.
- ^ Zhao, Yingying. Bubble Tea, Boba Liberalism, and Capitalism's Effects on East Asian Diasporic Identity. The Yale Herald. 5 February 2021 [13 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-14）.
- ^ Zhang, Jenny G. How Bubble Tea Became a Complicated Symbol of Asian-American Identity. Eater. 5 November 2019 [13 February 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-13） （英語）.
While bubble tea itself is neither inherently political nor bad, per se, some Asian Americans are critical of the dominant strain of Asian-American politics, called 「boba liberalism,」 that the drink has come to represent in certain circles. Boba liberalism — is the 「substanceless trend-chasing spectacle」 that is mainstream Asian-American liberalism, derided as shallow, consumerist-capitalist, and robbed of meaning.
- ^ 让江南左派欢欣鼓舞吧. 中央日報. 2009-08-13 [2022-03-23]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-15）.
我們的左派自動接受了歐洲右派扣上的成見，對二律背反的結果感到困惑。聲稱為了平民，去高級餐廳就會感到羞愧；聲稱為勞動者鬥爭，去海外旅行就會感到難為情。這樣的雙重態度和價值觀的混亂在上屆政權集中起來，突然生活富裕的在野運動圈出身的人士、因政府增加的援助金和贊助金而忽然享受高品質文化生活的文化界人士、吶喊全面教育卻將子女送到國外留學的全國教職員工會教師也與之無異。……韓國的「江南左派」徹底地否定了馬克思的該命題，「存在」和「意識」完全分離。
- ^ 作为“进步”人士活着真的很难. 東亞日報. 2019-06-15 [2022-03-23]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-16）.
外部連結
- Why I Hate Subtle Asian Traits （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Sarah Mae Dizon （2020 年 8 月 30 日）。
進一步閱讀
- Phruksachart, Melissa. The Bourgeois Cinema of Boba Liberalism. Film Quarterly. 1 March 2020, 73 (3): 59–65 [13 February 2022]. S2CID 214411799. doi:10.1525/fq.2020.73.3.59. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-14）.