金蛛屬
圆蛛科的一属蜘蛛
金蛛屬(學名:Argiope),是圓蛛科的一個屬。牠們廣泛分佈在世界各地,而大部份溫帶或氣候溫暖的地區都有多於一個物種。
金蛛屬 | |
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蟲蝕痕金蛛 | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
綱: | 蛛形綱 Arachnida |
目: | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
科: | 園蛛科 Araneidae |
屬: | 金蛛屬 Argiope Audouin, 1827 |
種 | |
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蜘蛛網
金蛛屬蜘蛛所織出來的蜘蛛網差不多是隱形的,但隱帶卻呈可見的純白色,有時呈交叉形或三字形。牠們會對齊這個交叉形的隱帶,每條線上有一對腳,在白色的交叉上有一隻非常鮮艷的蜘蛛。隱帶可以反射紫外光,能夠吸引獵物進入蜘蛛網中,並防止被其他動物破壞。蜘蛛網通常位於地面高1米左右的地方,這亦可以避免被大型動物所破壞。
有指這個隱帶會引導金蛛屬的獵食者,不過卻有不同方法來招呼獵食者,如從網上掉落、撤退至蜘蛛網的周邊、於30秒內破壞蜘蛛網等。[1]
繁殖
雄性金蛛屬比雌性細小很多。當交配時,雄蛛會在雌蛛的網上織成另一個網。雌蛛在交配後會產卵,並將卵囊放在其網上。卵囊內包含了約400-1400顆卵。卵會於秋天孵化,幼蛛會在囊內過冬,並於春天才出來。卵囊是由多層的絲所組成,足以保護其內的東西。不過很多昆蟲都會寄生在這個卵囊內。
毒性
金蛛屬對人類並沒有害。牠們是吃昆蟲的,並可以消化比牠們大兩倍的獵物。另有指A. savigny更會吃細小的纓蝠。[2]一般牠們也不會襲擊人類,但只會在保護自己才會咬對方。牠們所分泌毒素並不會引致嚴重問題,而所含有的聚胺毒素卻可能具有治療功效。[3]
下屬物種
- Argiope abramovi Logunov & Jäger, 2015
- 好勝金蛛 Argiope aemula Walckenaer, 1841
- 高居金蛛 Argiope aetherea (Walckenaer, 1841)
- 類高居金蛛 Argiope aetheroides Yin, Wang, Zhang, Peng & Chen, 1989
- Argiope ahngeri Spassky, 1932
- 悅目金蛛 Argiope amoena L. Koch, 1878
- Argiope anasuja Thorell, 1887
- Argiope anomalopalpis Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope appensa (Walckenaer, 1841)
- Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775)
- Argiope aurantia Lucas, 1833
- Argiope aurocincta Pocock, 1898
- Argiope australis (Walckenaer, 1805)
- Argiope bivittigera Strand, 1911
- Argiope blanda O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898
- 伯氏金蛛 Argiope boesenbergi Levi, 1983
- Argiope bougainvilla (Walckenaer, 1847)
- 橫紋金蛛 Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
- Argiope brunnescentia Strand, 1911
- Argiope buehleri Schenkel, 1944
- Argiope bullocki Rainbow, 1908
- Argiope butchko LeQuier & Agnarsson, 2016
- 凱撒金蛛 Argiope caesarea Thorell, 1897
- Argiope caledonia Levi, 1983
- Argiope cameloides Zhu & Song, 1994
- Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944)
- 鏈斑金蛛 Argiope catenulata (Doleschall, 1859)
- Argiope chloreis Thorell, 1877
- Argiope comorica Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope coquereli (Vinson, 1863)
- Argiope dang Jäger & Praxaysombath, 2009
- 大衛氏金蛛 Argiope davidi
- Argiope dietrichae Levi, 1983
- Argiope doboensis Strand, 1911
- Argiope doleschalli Thorell, 1873
- Argiope ericae Levi, 2004
- Argiope flavipalpis (Lucas, 1858)
- Argiope florida Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944
- Argiope halmaherensis Strand, 1907
- Argiope hinderlichi Jäger, 2012
- Argiope hoiseni Tan, 2018
- Argiope intricata Simon, 1877
- 景洪金蛛 Argiope jinghongensis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994
- Argiope kaingang Corronca & Rodríguez-Artigas, 2015
- Argiope katherina Levi, 1983
- 凱氏金蛛 Argiope keyserlingi Karsch, 1878
- Argiope kochi Levi, 1983
- Argiope legionis Motta & Levi, 2009
- Argiope levii Bjørn, 1997
- 葉金蛛 Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772)
- Argiope luzona (Walckenaer, 1841)
- 厚椽金蛛 Argiope macrochoera Thorell, 1891
- Argiope madang Levi, 1984
- Argiope magnifica L. Koch, 1871
- Argiope mangal Koh, 1991
- 狂金蛛 Argiope manicata
- Argiope manila Levi, 1983
- Argiope mascordi Levi, 1983
- 小悅目金蛛 Argiope minuta Karsch, 1879
- Argiope modesta Thorell, 1881
- Argiope niasensis Strand, 1907
- 目金蛛 Argiope ocula Fox, 1938
- Argiope ocyaloides L. Koch, 1871
- 澳赫金蛛 Argiope ohsumiensis
- Argiope pentagona L. Koch, 1871
- 孔金蛛 Argiope perforata Schenkel, 1963
- Argiope picta L. Koch, 1871
- Argiope pictula Strand, 1911
- Argiope ponape Levi, 1983
- Argiope possoica Merian, 1911
- Argiope probata Rainbow, 1916
- Argiope protensa L. Koch, 1872
- 麗金蛛 Argiope pulchella Thorell, 1881
- 類麗金蛛 Argiope pulchelloides Yin, Wang, Zhang, Peng & Chen, 1989
- Argiope radon Levi, 1983
- Argiope ranomafanensis Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859)
- Argiope sapoa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
- Argiope sector (Forsskål, 1776)
- Argiope squallica Strand, 1915
- Argiope submaronica Strand, 1916
- Argiope takum Chrysanthus, 1971
- Argiope tapinolobata Bjørn, 1997
- Argiope taprobanica Thorell, 1887
- 三帶金蛛 Argiope trifasciata (Forsskål, 1775)
- Argiope truk Levi, 1983
- 多色金蛛 Argiope versicolor (Doleschall, 1859)
- Argiope vietnamensis Ono, 2010
- 雜金蛛 Argiope zabonica
參考
- ^ Blamires, Sean J.; Hochuli, Dieter F. & Thompson, Michael B. Does decoration building influence antipredator responses in an orb-web spider (Argiope keyserlingi) in its natural habitat? (PDF). Australian Journal of Zoology. 2007, 55: 1–7 [2008-10-25]. doi:10.1071/ZO06098. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2008-08-21).
- ^ Timm, Robert M. & Losilla, Mauricio. Orb-weaving Spider, Argiope savignyi (Araneidae), Predation on the Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae) (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 2007, 43 (2): 282–284 [2008-10-25]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-07-20).
- ^ Strømgaard, K.; Mellor, I. AMPA receptor ligands: Synthetic and pharmacological studies of polyamines and polyamine toxins. Med. Res. Rev. 2004: 589–620.[永久失效連結]