鼠尾草屬
唇形科的一属植物
鼠尾草屬是唇形科下最大的一個屬，包括大約1000種植物[1]，廣泛分佈在全球各地的溫帶和熱帶地區，既有草本也有灌木或亞灌木，大多數品種集中在亞洲。 [2]其中有許多品種可以入藥或作為觀賞花卉。[3]
鼠尾草屬
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| 一串紅 （Salvia splendens） | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
| 演化支： | 菊類植物 Asterids |
| 目： | 唇形目 Lamiales |
| 科： | 唇形科 Lamiaceae |
| 亞科： | 荊芥亞科 Nepetoideae |
| 族： | 薄荷族 Mentheae |
| 屬： | 鼠尾草屬 Salvia L., 1753 |
| 種 | |
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參見正文 | |
鼠尾草屬植物的花有明顯特點，其花萼鐘形，分為兩唇，上唇有三齒，下唇有二齒；花冠筒形，也分為兩唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最長；有兩個能育雄蕊和兩個退化的不育雄蕊；果實為小堅果。
該屬植物槓桿狀雄蕊（lever-like stamen）結構與傳粉者形成了槓桿式背部傳粉（dorsal pollination）的互作機制[4]。
屬名Salvia源於拉丁語salveo，意為「救助」，指本屬植物多供入藥。
主要品種
本屬包括以下物種：[5]
- 翅柄葉鼠尾草 Salvia alatipetiolata （翅柄鼠尾草）
- 白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
- 銀白鼠尾草 Salvia argentea L. - Silver clary, Silver sage.
- Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
- Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
- Salvia ayecarrenoi Mart. Gord., Fragoso & de Santiago[6]
- Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
- 南丹參 Salvia bowleyana Dunn
- 二回羽裂南丹參 Salvia bowleyana var. subbipinnata C.Y. Wu
- Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
- 刺苞鼠尾草 Salvia carduacea Benth.，異名：Salvia gossypina Benth.
- Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
- 紅花鼠尾草 Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr., 1778，朱唇
- 飛鴿鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
- 圓苞鼠尾草 Salvia cyclostegia
- Salvia discolor
- 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
- 長花鼠尾草 Salvia dolichantha E.Peter
- Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
- 鳳梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
- 粉萼鼠尾草 Salvia farinacea Benth.，粉萼鼠尾草
- 臺灣紫花鼠尾草 Salvia fulgens - Salvia formosana (Murata) Yamazaki 1969 （蕨葉紫花鼠尾草）
- Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
- Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
- 膠質鼠尾草 Salvia glutinosa
- Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
- Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
- 早田氏鼠尾草 Salvia hayatana Makino ex Hayata, 1919
- 芡歐鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
- Salvia huastecana Bedolla, Zamudio & H.Castillo-Gómez [7]
- 鼠尾草 Salvia japonica Thunb. ex Murray, 1784（日本紫花鼠尾草）
- 隱藥鼠尾草 Salvia keitaoensis Hayata, 1919
- Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
- Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
- Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
- Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
- Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
- 墨西哥鼠尾草 Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
- Salvia microphylla
- 丹參 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
- Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
- 琴柱草 Salvia nipponica Miq.
- 黃花鼠尾草 Salvia nipponica var. formosana (Hayata) Kudo, 1929
- 藥用鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
- 節毛鼠尾草 Salvia plebeia R. Brown, 1810
- 龍膽鼠尾草 Salvia patens ，長蕊鼠尾草 - a blue-flowering sage.
- Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
- 洪橋鼠尾草 Salvia potanini Kryl.
- Salvia potus - Chia.
- Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
- 康定鼠尾草 Salvia prattii Hemsl.
- Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
- 卵葉鼠尾草 Salvia scapiformis Hance, 1885
- Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
- 山東丹參 Salvia shandongensis [8]
- Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
- 一串紅 Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl.
- 佛光草 Salvia substolonifera Stib.
- Salvia superba
- 田代氏鼠尾草 Salvia tashiroi Hayata, 1917
- Salvia transylvanica
- Salvia uliginosa Benth., 1833
- Salvia verbenaca L., 1753 - Wild clary, Wild sage.
- Salvia verticillata L., 1753 - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
- Salvia viridis L., 1753，異名：S. horminum - Annual clary..
- 西藏鼠尾草 Salvia wardii Stib.
應用
鼠尾草屬的拉丁名稱來源與拉丁語的「治療」（salvare）一詞，在古代的地中海和小亞細亞半島早已經應用其作為草藥。[9]其中丹參（Salvia miltiorrhiza）是重要的中藥，而美洲的印第安人也早已經知道用鼠尾草屬植物作為草藥，部分芳香品種還可以提取芳香油。[10][11][12][13]
參考文獻
- ^ Petra Wester; Regine Claßen-Bockhoff. Pollination Syndromes of New World Salvia Species with Special Reference to Bird Pollination. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011, 98 (1): 101–155 [2015-04-07]. doi:10.3417/2007035.
- ^ Kintzios, Spiridon E. 2000. Sage: the genus Salvia. Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, v. 14. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Page 27. ISBN 90-5823-005-8
- ^ Clebsch, Betsy, and Betsy Clebsch. 2003. The new book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-560-8
- ^ 鼠尾草花结构与传粉忠实性研究获进展. 科學網. 2011-03-16 [2011-03-16]. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-25）.
- ^ Salvia L.. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-08）.
- ^ Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo, Jesús Ricardo de Santiago Gómez and Itzi Fragoso-Martínez. 2023. Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), una nueva especie con estambres exsertosde Guerrero, México / Salvia ayecarrenoi (Lamiaceae), A New Species with exserted stamens from Guerrero, Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana. 130: e2232. DOI: 10.21829/abm130.2023.2232
- ^ Brenda Y. Bedolla-García, Sergio Zamudio and Hugo A. Castillo-Gómez. 2020. Salvia huastecana (Lamiaceae), A New Species from San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Zootaxa. 433(1); 1–8. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.1
- ^ 李曉娟,韓建萍,李建秀,等.基於葉綠體psbA-trnH基因間區序列鑑定山東丹參為新種[J].藥學學報, 2013, 48(8):7.DOI:CNKI:SUN:YXXB.0.2013-08-027.
- ^ Marushia, Robin, Salvia divinorum: The Botany, Ethnobotany, Biochemistry and Future of a Mexican Mint (PDF), Ethnobotany, June 2003 [2007-05-04], （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2003-09-03）
- ^ Akhondzadeh, S; Noroozian, M; Mohammadi, M; Ohadinia, S; Jamshidi, Ah; Khani, M. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. Feb 2003, 28 (1): 53–9. ISSN 0269-4727. PMID 12605619.
- ^ Dos, Santos-Neto, Ll; De, Vilhena, Toledo, Ma; Medeiros-Souza, P; De, Souza, Ga. The use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer's disease-a systematic review (Free full text). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. Dec 2006, 3 (4): 441–5. PMC 1697739
. PMID 17173107. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel071.[永久失效連結]
- ^ Perry, Ek; Pickering, At; Wang, Ww; Houghton, P; Perry, Ns. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). Winter 1998, 4 (4): 419–28. ISSN 1075-5535. PMID 9884179.
- ^ Iuvone, T; De, Filippis, D; Esposito, G; D'Amico, A; Izzo, Aa. The spice sage and its active ingredient rosmarinic acid protect PC12 cells from amyloid-beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity (Free full text). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Jun 2006, 317 (3): 1143–9. PMID 16495207. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099317.
- A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden by Betsy Clebsch, Timber Press, 1997, ISBN 0-88192-369-9. An excellent reference on salvias. Also, an updated (2004 edition) is available.
- Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M. R. 2003, Salvia Officinalis extract in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind and placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 140, p22P-22P, 1/2p
