似奇虾属

似奇虾属; 化石时期：514–509 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼ 寒武世第四期
	似奇虾的前附肢复原图
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	†恐虾纲 Dinocaridida
目：	†放射齿目 Radiodonta
科：	†地位未定 incertae sedis
属：	†似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris; Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013
模式种
	多节似奇虾 Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis ; Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013
其他物种
	简单似奇虾 ; Paranomalocaris simplex; Jiao et al. 2021;

似奇虾属（学名：Paranomalocaris）是节肢动物门、恐虾纲、放射齿目、地位未定的一属，底下有两个物种，分别是多节似奇虾（学名：Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis）和简单似奇虾（学名：Paranomalocaris simplex）。化石在现今中国东南部的澄江化石地被发现的。^[1]^[2]^[3]目前仅发现似奇虾的前附肢化石，身体等的部分仍不清楚，间接导致似奇虾的分类具有争议。^[3]

发现

似奇虾的标本在中国云南东部昆明高楼坊村（Gaoloufang Village）乌龙箐組（Wulongqing Formation）的关山动物群（Guanshan biota）^[1]^[2]与关山虾属一样^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]，在李花村（Lihua Village）附近的的李花庄阶层（Lihuazhuang section）也有发现。多节似奇虾一开始仅发现一个标本，编号为NIGP 154564^[2]，在李花庄段也有发现一个标本，编号为YKLP 12416。简单似奇虾则是仅在李花庄段发现标本，编号是YKLP 12417和YKLP 12418。^[1]

命名

Paranomalocaris是由“para”（相近、类似）＋“Anomalocaris”（奇虾的属名）；而多节似奇虾（Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis）的种小名-“multisegmentalis”是“multi”（许多）＋“segmental”（一节一节的）；^[1]简单似奇虾（Paranomalocaris simplex）的种小名-“simplex”（简单）比起同属的多节似奇虾前附肢结构简单许多。^[2]

型态

两个前附肢复原图，黑的部分是节的分界线/节膜（arthrodial membranes），浅灰色是不确定的部分。左边是多节似奇虾，右边是简单似奇虾。

多节似奇虾的前附肢全长32至45毫米，共有23个节，前段与末端的节，高会比宽还要长；但中段则是宽长于高。前附肢的第一节和第二节在第一次被描述同为一节，两节的末端各有一对较小的刺。在第三节到第二十二节都有一对刺，且刺的大小交替。第五和更后面的节刺上有三到六对较小的刺，大约位在刺与前附肢的连接点。在第十三到第二十二节的背缘有着六根小刺，且会逐渐变大。在最后一节有两根刺。^[1]^[2]前附肢末端的刺虽然很小，但附肢细长且分节更多，使附肢可以更加地弯曲，刺相对短小但很尖锐，且小刺能牢固地抓住猎物。^[1]

简单似奇虾的前附肢全长32至33毫米，可能有超过20个节，每节的外观类似于长方形。每节都有一对类似针的刺，且愈末端愈短。在化石上虽然有发现到刺上面有着更小的刺，但是大多发现都是光滑且没有小刺在上的，在末端的节上只有一根弯曲的刺，且每个前附肢末端的三分之一的背缘都有刺。^[2]

分类

似奇虾属的分类具有争议，一种是认为是似奇虾属属于奇虾科和抱怪虫科的类群^[1]^[2]^[6]^[7]^[8]，另一种则是归类在放射齿目的奇虾亚目的基群物种。^[9]^[10]^[3]

Joseph Moysiuk和Jean-Bernard Caron提出的分类图：^[8]

真节肢动物 Euarthropoda

薄刃虾属 Laminacaris

奇虾属 Anomalocaris、侯氏虾属 Houcaris

抱怪虫属 Amplectobelua、里拉琴虫属 Lyrarapax

	关山虾属 Guanshancaris

	兰氏虾属 Ramskoeldia

	似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris

筛虾科 Tamisiocarididae

赫德虾科 Hurdiidae

叶足动物 Lobopodia、有鳃叶足动物＂Gilled lobopodians＂、等刺虫目（英语：Isoxyida） Isoxyida

Gaëtan J.-M. Potin和Allison C. Daley提出的分类图：^[3]

胡桃夹子虫属 Caryosyntrips

	似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris

	抱怪虫科 Amplectobeluidae

	奇虾科 Anomalocarididae

	筛虾科 Tamisiocarididae

	赫德虾科 Hurdiidae

次足类（英语：Deuteropoda） Deuteropoda

2024年，吴雨等假设似奇虾为奇虾科的一属，那位置如下:^[11]

吴雨等人提出第一个亲缘关系树的部分

放射齿目 Radiodonta

赫德虾科 Hurdiidae

筛虾科 Tamisiocarididae

舒氏虾属 Shucaris

抱怪虫科 Amplectobeluidae

奇虾属 Anomalocaris

似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris

	扁平兰氏虾 Ramskoeldia platyacantha

	光滑虾属 Lenisicaris

吴雨等人提出第二个亲缘关系树的部分

放射齿目 Radiodonta

赫德虾科 Hurdiidae

筛虾科

抱怪虫科 Amplectobeluidae

奇虾科

舒氏虾属 Shucaris

奇虾属 Anomalocaris

扁平兰氏虾
Ramskoeldia platyacantha

	锯齿胡桃夹子虫 Caryosyntrips serratus

	似奇虾属 Paranomalocaris

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32) [2024-06-16]. ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66 [2024-06-17]. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.
^ Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.
^ Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing. Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications. Biology. 2023-04-11, 12 (4). ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology12040583.
^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
^ Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-17）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.
^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1) [2024-01-17]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. （原始内容存档于2021-10-07）.
^ Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.
^ Wu, Yu; Pates, Stephen; Liu, Cong; Zhang, Mingjing; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Chai, Shu; Zhang, Xingliang; Fu, Dongjing. A new radiodont from the lower Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China informs the evolution of feeding structures in radiodonts. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2364887 （英语）.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32) [2024-06-16]. ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66 [2024-06-17]. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.

[4] Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.

[5] Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing. Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications. Biology. 2023-04-11, 12 (4). ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology12040583.

[6] Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.

[7] Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-17）.

[:3-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.

[9] Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1) [2024-01-17]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. （原始内容存档于2021-10-07）.

[10] Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.

[11] Wu, Yu; Pates, Stephen; Liu, Cong; Zhang, Mingjing; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Chai, Shu; Zhang, Xingliang; Fu, Dongjing. A new radiodont from the lower Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China informs the evolution of feeding structures in radiodonts. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2364887 （英语）.

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