木拉克酵母属

木拉克酵母属
	耐冷海洋嗜杀酵母的冬孢子
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲：	银耳纲 Tremellomycetes
目：	囊丝担子菌目 Cystofilobasidiales
科：	木拉克酵母科 Mrakiaceae
属：	木拉克酵母属 Mrakia; Y. Yamada & Komag. (1987)
模式种
	耐冷海洋嗜杀酵母（英语：Mrakia frigida） M. frigida; (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Y. Yamada & Komag. (1987)
物种
	详见内文;
异名
	Mrakiella Margesin & Fell (2008);

木拉克酵母属（学名：Mrakia）是担子菌门银耳纲囊丝担子菌目（英语：Cystofilobasidiales）木拉克酵母科（英语：Mrakiaceae）的一个属^[1]，本属物种为酵母菌，其中有些可形成菌丝和能长出担子的冬孢子（英语：Teliospore）。木拉克酵母为嗜冷生物^[2]^[3]，可在低温环境进行发酵，有用于酿酒^[4]与真菌修复的潜力^[5]。

本属于1987年由日本真菌学家驹形和男等人发表，学名为纪念美国微生物学家埃米尔·木拉克^[6]。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

Mrakia amundsenii ^[7]
Mrakia aquatica (E.B.G. Jones & Slooff) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia arctica M. Tsuji 2018
Mrakia blollopis Thomas-Hall 2010
Mrakia cryoconiti (Margesin & Fell) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia fibulata A.M. Yurkov & B. Turchetti 2019
耐冷海洋嗜杀酵母 Mrakia frigida
Mrakia hoshinonis
Mrakia montana
Mrakia niccombsii
Mrakia panshiensis
Mrakia polaris ^[7]
Mrakia psychrophila
Mrakia robertii
土壤木拉克酵母 Mrakia soli
Mrakia stelviica
Mrakia terrae

参考文献

^ Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY. Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes. Studies in Mycology. 2015, 81: 85–147. PMC 4777781  . doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001  .
^ Thomas-Hall SR, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Branda E, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Watson K. Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps - description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.. Extremophiles. 2010, 14: 47–59. PMC 2797416  . PMID 19898737. doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0286-7.
^ Tsuji M, Tanabe Y, Vincent WF, Uchida M. Mrakia arctica sp. nov., a new psychrophilic yeast isolated from an ice island in the Canadian High Arctic. Mycoscience. 2018, 59 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2017.08.006.
^ Turchetti B, De Francesco G, Mugnai G, Sileoni V, Alfeo V, Buzzini P, Yurkov A, Marconi O. Species and temperature-dependent fermentative aptitudes of Mrakia genus for innovative brewing. Food Research International. 2023, 170. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113004  .
^ Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. Comparative analysis of milk fat decomposition activity by Mrakia spp. isolated from Skarvsnes ice-free area, East Antarctica. Cryobiology. 2015, 70 (3): 293–296. PMID 25862934. doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.002.
^ Yamada Y, Komagata K. Mrakia gen. nov., a heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus for the Q8-equipped, self-sporulating organisms which produce a unicellular metabasidium, formerly classified in the genus Leucosporidium. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 1987, 33: 455–457 [2024-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-14）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Mrakia polaris sp. nov. and Mrakia amundsenii sp. nov. (Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales), two novel psychrophilic yeast species isolated from Arctic habitats. Microbiology Society. [2024-06-09].

[Liu2015-1] Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY. Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes. Studies in Mycology. 2015, 81: 85–147. PMC 4777781  . doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001  .

[THall2010-2] Thomas-Hall SR, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Branda E, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Watson K. Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps - description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.. Extremophiles. 2010, 14: 47–59. PMC 2797416  . PMID 19898737. doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0286-7.

[Tsuji2018-3] Tsuji M, Tanabe Y, Vincent WF, Uchida M. Mrakia arctica sp. nov., a new psychrophilic yeast isolated from an ice island in the Canadian High Arctic. Mycoscience. 2018, 59 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2017.08.006.

[Turchetti2023-4] Turchetti B, De Francesco G, Mugnai G, Sileoni V, Alfeo V, Buzzini P, Yurkov A, Marconi O. Species and temperature-dependent fermentative aptitudes of Mrakia genus for innovative brewing. Food Research International. 2023, 170. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113004  .

[Tsuji2015-5] Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. Comparative analysis of milk fat decomposition activity by Mrakia spp. isolated from Skarvsnes ice-free area, East Antarctica. Cryobiology. 2015, 70 (3): 293–296. PMID 25862934. doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.002.

[Yamada1987-6] Yamada Y, Komagata K. Mrakia gen. nov., a heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus for the Q8-equipped, self-sporulating organisms which produce a unicellular metabasidium, formerly classified in the genus Leucosporidium. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 1987, 33: 455–457 [2024-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-14）.

[Zhu-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Mrakia polaris sp. nov. and Mrakia amundsenii sp. nov. (Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales), two novel psychrophilic yeast species isolated from Arctic habitats. Microbiology Society. [2024-06-09].

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