硕眼山蚁属
硕眼山蚁属 (Gigantiops ) 分布于南美洲,为山蚁亚科硕眼山蚁族,本属单种:破坏硕眼山蚁 (G. destructor ),破坏硕眼山蚁为硕眼山蚁族下的唯一物种[1]。复眼为蚂蚁中最大的,能跳跃,染色体数为蚁科之冠 (2n = 78[2])。
破坏硕眼山蚁![]() | |
---|---|
![]() | |
破坏硕眼山蚁 (G. destructor ) 的工蚁,采于秘鲁。 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
目: | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
科: | 蚁科 Formicidae |
族: | 硕眼山蚁族 Gigantiopini Ashmead, 1905 |
属: | 硕眼山蚁属 Gigantiops Roger, 1863 |
种: | 破坏硕眼山蚁 G. destructor
|
二名法 | |
Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius, 1804)
|
习性
单后制 (monogynous) 多巢型 (polydomous),巢密度可达每公顷300巢[7]。筑巢于自然产生的洞中,如土中、朽木中,有时候巢体的出入口附近会有独立的“警卫室”,一只工蚁会在里面随时准备守卫出入口[7]。群体大小可高达数百只个体[7]。只在白昼觅食,巅峰期介于 9:30 和 11:30 之间[7]。食性广,可取食植物蜜露或小型节肢动物,觅食工蚁可以同时取食蜜露和捕食猎物,有时候工蚁会当场吃食猎物,工蚁会将猎物咀嚼过后喂给幼虫[7]。无论是野外或是实验室饲养的群体,或是饥饿一段时间的饲养群体,工蚁都没有招募行为或其他合作行为(如留下费洛蒙踪迹),甚至会和同伴争夺食物,这种行为对于真社会性昆虫来说十分不寻常[7]。工蚁透过视觉感知猎物,跟踪猎物并跳向猎物[7],会躲避人类[3][4][8][9][10][11]。
参考资料
- ^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-08).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Mariano CSF, da Silva Santos I, Groc S, Leroy C, Malé PJ, Ruiz-González MX, Cerdan P, Dejean A and Delabie JHC. The karyotypes of Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius) and other ants from French Guiana (Formicidae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.). 2011, 47 (1-2): 140-146.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Wheeler WM. Observations on Gigantiops destructor Fabricius and other leaping ants. Biol. Bull. 1922, 42: 185-201.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Tobin JE. On the association between Gigantiops destructor and Paraponera clavata: an unlikely symbiosis. Notes from Underground. 1989, 3: 3-6.
- ^ Fabricius, JC. Systema Piezatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus.. Brunswick: C. Reichard. 1804: xiv + 15–439 + 30 pp.
- ^ Kempf WW and Lenko K. Novas observações e estudos sôbre Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pap. Avuls. Zool. São Paulo. 1968, 21: 209-230.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Beugnon G, Chagné P, and Dejean A. Colony structure and foraging behavior in the tropical formicine ant, Gigantiops destructor. Insectes Sociaux. 2001, 48 (4): 347-351. doi:10.1007/pl00001788 .
- ^ Smith F. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Formicidae. 1858, 6: 45-46.
- ^ Emery C. Zirpende und springende Ameisen. Biol. Centralbl. 1893, 13: 189-190.
- ^ Mann WM. The ants of Brazil. Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. 1916, 60: 339-490.
- ^ Hölldobler B and EO Wilson. The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass. 1990: 732.
外部链接
- 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:Gigantiops destructor