突厥沙希王朝

Turk Shahis
突厥沙希王朝
Turk Shahis; 突厥沙希王朝
665—850 CE
	一位突厥沙希王朝早期的君主
	吐火罗叶护政权阿拉伯帝国拜占庭帝国西突厥遮娄其王朝瞿折罗-普腊蒂哈腊王朝卡尔科塔王朝唐朝巴托拉沙希王朝（英语：Patola Shahi）突厥沙希王朝约略的位置
	昆都士撒马尔罕赫拉特印度西突厥巴尔赫突厥沙希王朝坎大哈加兹尼喀布尔诃达罗支吉尔吉特巴托拉沙希王朝（英语：Patola Shahis）吐火罗叶护政权卡尔科塔王朝乌铎迦汉荼（英语：Udabhanda）夏都喀布尔、冬都乌铎迦汉荼（英语：Udabhanda）和其他重要城市
首都	喀布尔
常用语言	巴克特里亚语
宗教	佛教、古波斯信仰（英语：Ancient Iranian religion）
Tegin
• 665－680	巴尔哈特勤
• 680－739	乌散特勤洒
• 739－745	拂菻罽婆
• 745－?	勃匐准
• ?－c. 850	拉格图尔曼
历史时期	中世纪早期
• 建立	665
• 终结	850 CE
前身	继承
	嚈哒
	艾肯匈人
	涅扎克匈人
诃达罗支
印度沙希王朝
萨法尔王朝
今属于	阿富汗、巴基斯坦

突厥沙希王朝是一个665年至850年统治喀布里斯坦、迦毕试、诃达罗支与犍陀罗等地（今阿富汗）的西突厥或西突厥-嚈哒王朝^[3]^[4] ，以喀布尔为都。六世纪中叶起突厥人自河中地区向东南方涅扎克匈人（英语：Nezak Huns）的领地扩张，占领巴克特里亚和兴都库什等地，产生了数个独立政权^[5]，突厥沙希王朝便是其中之一，可能曾是邻近的吐火罗叶护政权之附庸^[3]。七世纪中叶巴尔哈特勤建立了突厥沙希王朝，此时期阿拉伯帝国开始向东扩张，其子乌散特勤洒在位期间曾与其发生数次冲突。九世纪突厥沙希王朝被阿拔斯帝国击败，被迫改宗伊斯兰教并向后者纳贡^[2]，850年末代国王拉格图尔曼被他的一名婆罗门官员废黜，政权由印度沙希王朝取代^[6]。870年萨法尔王朝占领了喀布尔^[7]。

参考文献

^ "Contained within a clay urn were a gold bracteate with the portrait of a ruler, three early drachms of the Turk-Shahis (Type 236, one of which is countermarked), and a countermarked drachm of the Sasanian king 霍斯劳二世 dating from year 37 of his reign (= 626/7). The two countermarks on Khusro 's drachm prove that the urn could only have been deposited after 689" ALRAM, MICHAEL. From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush (PDF). The Numismatic Chronicle. 2014, 174: 282–285. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus. The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: 16. THE HINDU SHAHIS IN KABULISTAN AND GANDHARA AND THE ARAB CONQUEST. Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. [July 22, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）. 参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kim, Hyun Jin. The Huns. Routledge. 19 November 2015: 58–59 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-1-317-34090-4. （原始内容存档于2021-03-02）.
^ "The advance of Islamic forces both into Tokharistan in the north and into Zabulistan farther south was opposed by local rulers of probably Western Turkish identity" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 181. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.
^ "The period from 560 CE onwards would be that of the Western Turks, although it is not clear how and foremost when they gained power over Bactria and the Hindukush-region. Minoru Inaba states that "gradually having extended their power, they came to be independent ..."" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 173. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.
^ 16. The Hindu Shahis in Kabulistan and Gandhara and the Arab conquest | Digitaler Ausstellungskatalog. pro.geo.univie.ac.at. [26 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.
^ Chopra, P.N. A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2003 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-81-207-2503-4. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.

Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2007). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. p. 280.

[MA283-1] "Contained within a clay urn were a gold bracteate with the portrait of a ruler, three early drachms of the Turk-Shahis (Type 236, one of which is countermarked), and a countermarked drachm of the Sasanian king 霍斯劳二世 dating from year 37 of his reign (= 626/7). The two countermarks on Khusro 's drachm prove that the urn could only have been deposited after 689" ALRAM, MICHAEL. From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush (PDF). The Numismatic Chronicle. 2014, 174: 282–285. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.

[KHM16-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus. The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: 16. THE HINDU SHAHIS IN KABULISTAN AND GANDHARA AND THE ARAB CONQUEST. Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. [July 22, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）. 参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)

[HJK58-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Kim, Hyun Jin. The Huns. Routledge. 19 November 2015: 58–59 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-1-317-34090-4. （原始内容存档于2021-03-02）.

[4] "The advance of Islamic forces both into Tokharistan in the north and into Zabulistan farther south was opposed by local rulers of probably Western Turkish identity" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 181. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.

[5] "The period from 560 CE onwards would be that of the Western Turks, although it is not clear how and foremost when they gained power over Bactria and the Hindukush-region. Minoru Inaba states that "gradually having extended their power, they came to be independent ..."" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 173. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.

[pro.geo.univie.ac.at-6] 16. The Hindu Shahis in Kabulistan and Gandhara and the Arab conquest | Digitaler Ausstellungskatalog. pro.geo.univie.ac.at. [26 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.

[7] Chopra, P.N. A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2003 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-81-207-2503-4. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.

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