薄板龙科
薄板龙科（学名：Elasmosauridae）属于蛇颈龙亚目，是蛇颈龙类中最先进的一群，也是颈部最长的一群。薄板龙科生存于三叠纪晚期到白垩纪末期。牠们以鱼类及缺乏甲壳的头足类为主食。
薄板龙科 化石时期：
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| 薄板龙 | |
无效状况
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科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
| 目： | †蛇颈龙目 Plesiosauria |
| 演化支： | †新蛇颈龙类 Neoplesiosauria |
| 亚目： | †蛇颈龙亚目 Plesiosauroidea |
| 演化支： | †浅隐龙类 Cryptoclidia |
| 演化支： | †奇渔龙类 Xenopsaria |
| 科： | †薄板龙科 Elasmosauridae Cope, 1825 |
| 异名 | |
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白垩龙科 Cimoliasauridae Persson, 1960 | |
体型
薄板龙科中最早的成员体型很小，身长约3米。在白垩纪末期，薄板龙科的身长为14米，例如薄板龙。牠们的颈部是蛇颈龙类中最长的，拥有32到71节颈椎。薄板龙甚至有超过70个脊椎骨。薄板龙科的体重只有数公吨。
分类
在1869年，爱德华·德林克·科普（Edward Drinker Cope）建立、命名薄板龙科，以容纳薄板龙属。
薄板龙科 Elasmosauridae下级分类如下：
- 亚历士龙属 Alexeyisaurus?
- 卡拉瓦亚龙属 Callawayasaurus
- 白垩龙属 Cimoliasaurus[1]
- 伊罗曼加龙属 Eromangasaurus
- 费雷斯诺龙属 Fresnosaurus
- 角龙属 Goniosaurus
- 狡蛇龙属 Jucha
- 莱讷河泳龙属 Lagenanectes
- 莱瓦泳龙属 Leivanectes
- 平椎龙属 Leurospondylus?
- 毛伊龙属 Mauisaurus
- 直颈龙属 Ogmodirus?
- 覆蜥龙属 Orophosaurus
- 近薄板龙属 Plesioelasmosaurus[2]
- 斯堪尼龙属 Scanisaurus
- 白浪泳龙属 Wapuskanectes[3]
- 伍伦加龙属 Woolungasaurus[4]
- 窈颈龙属 Zarafasaura[5]
- 真薄板龙类 Euelasmosaurida[6]
参考资料
- ^ F. Robin O'Keefe; Hallie P. Street. Osteology Of The Cryptoclidoid Plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, With Comments On The Taxonomic Status Of The Cimoliasauridae (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2009, 29 (1): 48–57. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29...48O. S2CID 31924376. doi:10.1671/039.029.0118.
- ^ Schumacher, Bruce A.; Everhart, Michael J. Washed Ashore – New Elasmosaurid Specimens (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the Late Cretaceous of Colorado and Kansas and Their Bearing on Elasmosaurid Lineages of the Western Interior Seaway. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 2022, 125 (3–4): 237–263. ISSN 0022-8443. S2CID 253364262. doi:10.1660/062.125.0313.
- ^ Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Anthony P. Russell. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, northeastern Alberta, Canada (PDF). Paludicola. 2006, 5 (4): 184–199. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06）.
- ^ Benjamin P. Kear. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2005, 25 (4): 792–805. S2CID 86297695. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0792:ANEPFT]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Peggy Vincent; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola; Baâdi Bouya; Mbarek Amaghzaz; Saïd Meslouh. Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (4): 1062–1073. Bibcode:2011GondR..19.1062V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005.
- ^ O'Gorman, Jose P. Elasmosaurid phylogeny and paleobiogeography, with a reappraisal of Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2020-03-13, 39 (5): e1692025. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1692025 （英语）.
- ^ Araújo, R., Polcyn M. J., Schulp A. S., Mateus O., Jacobs L. L., Gonçalves O. A., & Morais M. - L. (2015). A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. FirstView, 1–12., 1
- ^ Serratos, Danielle J.; Druckenmiller, Patrick; Benson, Roger B. J. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Bearpaw Shale (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Montana demonstrates multiple evolutionary reductions of neck length within Elasmosauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2017, 37 (2): e1278608. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E8608S. S2CID 132717607. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1278608.
- ^ O'Gorman, José P.; Coria, Rodolfo A. A new elasmosaurid specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: new evidence of a monophyletic group of Weddellian elasmosaurids. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2016-09-21, 41 (2): 240–249. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1224318 （英语）.
- ^ O'Gorman, José P.; Panzeri, Karen M.; Fernández, Marta S.; Santillana, Sergio; Moly, Juan J.; Reguero, Marcelo. A new elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian López de Bertodano Formation: new data on weddellonectian diversity (PDF). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2017-07-24, 42 (4): 575–586. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1339233 （英语）.
- ^ O'Gorman, José P.; Carignano, Ana Paula; Calvo-Marcilese, Lydia; Pérez Panera, Juan Pablo. A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the upper levels of the La Colonia Formation (upper Maastrichtian), Chubut Province, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2023-08-10, 152: 105674. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105674 （英语）.
- ^ O'Gorman, Jose P.; Canale, Juan I.; Bona, Paula; Tineo, David E.; Reguero, Marcelo; Cárdenas, Magalí. A new elasmosaurid (Plesiosauria: Sauropterygia) from the López de Bertodano Formation: new data on the evolution of the aristonectine morphology. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2024-12-31, 22 (1). ISSN 1477-2019. doi:10.1080/14772019.2024.2312302 （英语）.